Abstract
Integrated use of bio-organic and inorganic fertilizers can improve crop productivity and sustain soil health and fertility. The present research was conducted for two years at Block Seed Farm, Nabagram, Murshidabad, West Bengal to study the effects of green manuring (GM) with dhaincha (Sesbania spp.), farmyard manure (FYM, 5 t ha-1), azophos containing Azotobacter and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @ 15 kg ha-1 and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) @ 25 kg ha-1 on soil fertility, microbial population i.e. Azotobacter and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM), N uptake and productivity of kharif rice (variety IET 4786) in gangetic alluvial soils of West Bengal. Rice crop was grown in two successive years (2009 and 2010) during rainy seasons with NPK fertilizers as per state recommendation at varying level in different combination with FYM, GM, biofertilizers, ZnSO4 at recommended dose under irrigated conditions. It is evidenced from the experiment that application of ZnSO4 had a significant positive influence on rice yield as well as on Azotobacter and PSM population when applied in combination with FYM/GM and azophos. The results showed that NP fertilizers at 25% reduced rate compliment 100% NP level in a more or less similar fashion when applied along with 100% K fertilizer, green manuring with dhaincha/FYM, ZnSO4 and azophos for successive years. Maximum grain and straw yield of rice was obtained by application of 100% NPK fertilizer, green manuring with dhaincha, ZnSO4, azophos (4.56 and 5.13 t ha-1 of grain and straw yield, respectively) followed by its 75% NP counterpart (4.47 and 5.02 t ha-1 of grain and straw yield, respectively) and both the treatment effects was found statistically equivalent. Integrated use of green manure at 75% recommended NP dose along with azophos and ZnSO4 enhanced the grain and straw yield by 20.8 and 10.8 per cent, respectively and grain and straw N uptake by 31.7 and 12.4 per cent respectively over 100% NPK alone. Irrespective of treatments, soil health status with respect to soil OC, N, P, K and microbial population has been improved in organic, inorganic and biologically treated combined applications as compared to sole inorganic sources. Application of bio-organic amendment increased plant recovery as well as soil available N in rice crops for subsequent years compared to fertilizer alone. Maximum available N of 226 and 246 kg ha-1 during 1st and 2nd year, respectively was recorded in green manured plot supplemented with ZnSO4, Azotobacter, PSB at 25% reduced level of NP fertilizers.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Application of ZnSO4 with FYM/GM and azophos significantly increased rice yield.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- IET 4786e0
- Treatment
- application of ZnSO4e1
- Outcome
- rice yielde1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Qualifier
- in combination with FYM/GM and azophose1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kharif rice (variety IET 4786)”
e1“application of ZnSO4 had a significant positive influence on rice yield as well as on Azotobacter and PSM population when applied in combination with FYM/GM and azophos”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of ZnSO4 with FYM/GM and azophos significantly increased Azotobacter and PSM population.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- application of ZnSO4e1
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere1symbiont - Second interactor
- PSMe1symbiont
- Outcome
- Azotobacter and PSM populatione1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kharif rice (variety IET 4786)”
e1“application of ZnSO4 had a significant positive influence on rice yield as well as on Azotobacter and PSM population when applied in combination with FYM/GM and azophos”
Claim · model-written summary
NP fertilizer at a 25% reduced rate performed in a more or less similar fashion to the 100% NP level.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- NP fertilizers at 25% reduced ratee2
- Outcome
- more or less similar fashione2
- Comparator
- 100% NP levele2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kharif rice (variety IET 4786)”
e2“NP fertilizers at 25% reduced rate compliment 100% NP level in a more or less similar fashion”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum grain and straw yield of rice was obtained with 100% NPK fertilizer, green manuring with dhaincha, ZnSO4 and azophos, at 4.56 and 5.13 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- application of 100% NPK fertilizer, green manuring with dhaincha, ZnSO4, azophose3
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde3
- Direction
- Maximume3
- Value
- 4.56 and 5.13 t ha-1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kharif rice (variety IET 4786)”
e3“Maximum grain and straw yield of rice was obtained by application of 100% NPK fertilizer, green manuring with dhaincha, ZnSO4, azophos (4.56 and 5.13 t ha-1 of grain and straw yield, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% NP counterpart gave grain and straw yields of 4.47 and 5.02 t ha-1, lower than the maximum treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 75% NP counterparte4
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde4
- Direction
- lowerinferrede4
- Value
- 4.47 and 5.02 t ha-1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kharif rice (variety IET 4786)”
e4“followed by its 75% NP counterpart (4.47 and 5.02 t ha-1 of grain and straw yield, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% NP counterpart and the 100% NPK treatment with green manuring, ZnSO4 and azophos were statistically equivalent.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 75% NP counterparte4
- Outcome
- treatment effectse5
- Comparator
- 100% NPK fertilizer, green manuring with dhaincha, ZnSO4, azophose3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kharif rice (variety IET 4786)”
e3“Maximum grain and straw yield of rice was obtained by application of 100% NPK fertilizer, green manuring with dhaincha, ZnSO4, azophos (4.56 and 5.13 t ha-1 of grain and straw yield, respectively)”
e4“followed by its 75% NP counterpart (4.47 and 5.02 t ha-1 of grain and straw yield, respectively)”
e5“both the treatment effects was found statistically equivalent”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated green manure at 75% NP with azophos and ZnSO4 enhanced grain and straw yield by 20.8 and 10.8 per cent over 100% NPK alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Integrated use of green manure at 75% recommended NP dose along with azophos and ZnSO4e6
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Value
- 20.8 and 10.8 per cente6
- Comparator
- 100% NPK alonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kharif rice (variety IET 4786)”
e6“Integrated use of green manure at 75% recommended NP dose along with azophos and ZnSO4 enhanced the grain and straw yield by 20.8 and 10.8 per cent, respectively and grain and straw N uptake by 31.7 and 12.4 per cent respectively over 100% NPK alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated green manure at 75% NP with azophos and ZnSO4 enhanced grain and straw N uptake by 31.7 and 12.4 per cent over 100% NPK alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Integrated use of green manure at 75% recommended NP dose along with azophos and ZnSO4e6
- Outcome
- grain and straw N uptakee6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Value
- 31.7 and 12.4 per cente6
- Comparator
- 100% NPK alonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kharif rice (variety IET 4786)”
e6“Integrated use of green manure at 75% recommended NP dose along with azophos and ZnSO4 enhanced the grain and straw yield by 20.8 and 10.8 per cent, respectively and grain and straw N uptake by 31.7 and 12.4 per cent respectively over 100% NPK alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil health status (soil OC, N, P, K and microbial population) improved under combined organic, inorganic and biological treatments compared with sole inorganic sources.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- organic, inorganic and biologically treated combined applicationse7
- Outcome
- soil health status with respect to soil OC, N, P, K and microbial populatione7
- Direction
- improvede7
- Comparator
- sole inorganic sourcese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kharif rice (variety IET 4786)”
e7“soil health status with respect to soil OC, N, P, K and microbial population has been improved in organic, inorganic and biologically treated combined applications as compared to sole inorganic sources”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic amendment increased plant N recovery and soil available N in rice in subsequent years compared with fertilizer alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Application of bio-organic amendmente1
- Outcome
- plant recovery as well as soil available Ne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- for subsequent yearse1
- Comparator
- fertilizer alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of bio-organic amendment increased plant recovery as well as soil available N in rice crops for subsequent years compared to fertilizer alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum available N of 226 and 246 kg ha-1 in the first and second year was recorded in the green manured plot with ZnSO4, Azotobacter, PSB at 25% reduced NP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- green manured plot supplemented with ZnSO4, Azotobacter, PSB at 25% reduced level of NP fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- available Ne1
- Direction
- Maximume1
- Value
- 226 and 246 kg ha-1e1
- Qualifier
- during 1st and 2nd year, respectivelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kharif rice (variety IET 4786)”
e1“Maximum available N of 226 and 246 kg ha-1 during 1st and 2nd year, respectively was recorded in green manured plot supplemented with ZnSO4, Azotobacter, PSB at 25% reduced level of NP fertilizers”
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See all 305 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.