Abstract
Selecting appropriate rootstocks in grafting is an important aspect to increase yield and fruit quality of vegetables. Interspecific hybrids and gourd are the most frequently used rootstocks for watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) grafting. However, other Citrullus species such as bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad) have not been completely exploited and can be a source of interesting traits. The present study aimed to evaluate bitter apple as potential rootstock for watermelon (cv. Crimson Sweet) in comparison to the commercial rootstock Shintosa (Cucurbita maxima Duch. Cucurbita moschata Duch.), and non-grafted plants. An experimental design of Randomized Complete Blocks was applied with treatments replicated three times. Grafted and non-grafted watermelon plants were compared in terms of yield, yield components, morphometric and textural characteristics, sweetness, acidity and mineral composition. The effect of Shintosa rootstock on total yield and mean fruit weight resulted in 20.2% and 14.0% increase over the non-grafted and Crimson Sweet/bitter apple combination, respectively. Flesh firmness and fruit mineral composition (Ca, P and Zn) increased by grafting Crimson Sweet on Shintosa over the other grafting combinations. The most valued fruit quality traits for consumer satisfaction: fruit dry matter (DM) and total soluble solids (TSS) were significantly higher with bitter apple rootstock. The fruit DM and TSS contents recorded for Crimson Sweet grafted on bitter apple were significantly higher than those grafted on Shintosa by 11.7% and 8.4%, respectively. Though grafting watermelon on bitter apple slightly decreased yield characteristics than Shintosa, on the other hand it improved flavor compounds with no serious detrimental effects on other quality attributes, thus it could be proposed as potential germplasm for watermelon rootstock breeding.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Shintosa rootstock increased total watermelon yield by 20.2% over non-grafted plants.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse1 - Material
- Crimson Sweete1
- Treatment
- Shintosa rootstocke2
- Outcome
- total yielde2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 20.2%e2
- Comparator
- non-graftede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate bitter apple as potential rootstock for watermelon (cv. Crimson Sweet)”
e2“The effect of Shintosa rootstock on total yield and mean fruit weight resulted in 20.2% and 14.0% increase over the non-grafted and Crimson Sweet/bitter apple combination, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Shintosa rootstock increased mean fruit weight of watermelon by 14.0% over the Crimson Sweet/bitter apple combination.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Material
- Crimson Sweete1
- Treatment
- Shintosa rootstocke2
- Outcome
- mean fruit weighte2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 14.0%e2
- Comparator
- Crimson Sweet/bitter apple combinatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate bitter apple as potential rootstock for watermelon (cv. Crimson Sweet)”
e2“The effect of Shintosa rootstock on total yield and mean fruit weight resulted in 20.2% and 14.0% increase over the non-grafted and Crimson Sweet/bitter apple combination, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting Crimson Sweet watermelon on Shintosa increased flesh firmness over the other grafting combinations.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Material
- Crimson Sweete1
- Treatment
- grafting Crimson Sweet on Shintosae3
- Outcome
- Flesh firmnesse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- the other grafting combinationse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate bitter apple as potential rootstock for watermelon (cv. Crimson Sweet)”
e3“Flesh firmness and fruit mineral composition (Ca, P and Zn) increased by grafting Crimson Sweet on Shintosa over the other grafting combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting Crimson Sweet watermelon on Shintosa increased fruit mineral composition (Ca, P and Zn) over the other grafting combinations.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Material
- Crimson Sweete1
- Treatment
- grafting Crimson Sweet on Shintosae3
- Outcome
- fruit mineral composition (Ca, P and Zn)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- the other grafting combinationse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate bitter apple as potential rootstock for watermelon (cv. Crimson Sweet)”
e3“Flesh firmness and fruit mineral composition (Ca, P and Zn) increased by grafting Crimson Sweet on Shintosa over the other grafting combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
Crimson Sweet grafted on bitter apple had 11.7% higher fruit dry matter than Crimson Sweet grafted on Shintosa.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Material
- Crimson Sweete1
- Treatment
- Crimson Sweet grafted on bitter applee4
- Outcome
- fruit DMe4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 11.7%e4
- Comparator
- those grafted on Shintosae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate bitter apple as potential rootstock for watermelon (cv. Crimson Sweet)”
e4“The fruit DM and TSS contents recorded for Crimson Sweet grafted on bitter apple were significantly higher than those grafted on Shintosa by 11.7% and 8.4%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Crimson Sweet grafted on bitter apple had 8.4% higher total soluble solids than Crimson Sweet grafted on Shintosa.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Material
- Crimson Sweete1
- Treatment
- Crimson Sweet grafted on bitter applee4
- Outcome
- TSS contentse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 8.4%e4
- Comparator
- those grafted on Shintosae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“evaluate bitter apple as potential rootstock for watermelon (cv. Crimson Sweet)”
e4“The fruit DM and TSS contents recorded for Crimson Sweet grafted on bitter apple were significantly higher than those grafted on Shintosa by 11.7% and 8.4%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting watermelon on bitter apple slightly decreased yield characteristics relative to Shintosa.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse5
- Treatment
- grafting watermelon on bitter applee5
- Outcome
- yield characteristicse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Qualifier
- slightlye5
- Comparator
- Shintosae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Though grafting watermelon on bitter apple slightly decreased yield characteristics than Shintosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting watermelon on bitter apple improved flavor compounds relative to Shintosa.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse5
- Treatment
- grafting watermelon on bitter applee5
- Outcome
- flavor compoundse6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- Shintosae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Though grafting watermelon on bitter apple slightly decreased yield characteristics than Shintosa”
e6“it improved flavor compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting watermelon on bitter apple had no serious detrimental effect on other quality attributes relative to Shintosa.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse5
- Treatment
- grafting watermelon on bitter applee5
- Outcome
- other quality attributese7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Comparator
- Shintosae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Though grafting watermelon on bitter apple slightly decreased yield characteristics than Shintosa”
e7“it improved flavor compounds with no serious detrimental effects on other quality attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Bitter apple could be proposed as potential germplasm for watermelon rootstock breeding.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- potential germplasm for watermelon rootstock breedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it could be proposed as potential germplasm for watermelon rootstock breeding”
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