Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is considered to be the most phytotoxic air pollutant because of its oxidizing power. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of intra- and interspecific competition between Triticum aestivum L. and Trifolium repens L. on the responses to high concentrations of ozone of both species, and the role of the symbiotic relationship Rhizobium – T. repens on the abovementioned responses. Monocultures and mixtures of both species in different densities were sown. Pots were transferred to open top chambers either with 90–120 ppb ozone or without ozone. Ozone had an overall negative impact on leaf area and biomass production per individual plant. These responses were dependent on species and sowing density in monocultures, but were not changed by species proportion in the mixtures. There was a positive relationship between Rhizobium nodules and plant biomass, with a tendency for smaller plants to present lower number of nodules under ozone. These results suggest that competitive and mutualistic interactions could have a greater role in determining responses to novel air pollutants than species sensitivity to the xenobiotic, per se.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone had an overall negative impact on leaf area and biomass production per individual plant of wheat and white clover.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum and Trifolium repens
Trifolium repens
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Ozonee1
- Outcome
- leaf area and biomass production per individual plante1
- Direction
- negative impacte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and Trifolium repens”
e1“Ozone had an overall negative impact on leaf area and biomass production per individual plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The ozone responses depended on species and sowing density in monocultures.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum and Trifolium repensTrifolium repensTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sowing densitye1
- Outcome
- responsese1
- Qualifier
- dependent on speciese1
- Setting
- monoculturese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and Trifolium repens”
e1“These responses were dependent on species and sowing density in monocultures”
Claim · model-written summary
The ozone responses were not changed by species proportion in the mixtures.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum and Trifolium repensTrifolium repensTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- species proportione1
- Outcome
- not changede1
- Direction
- not changede1
- Setting
- mixturese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and Trifolium repens”
e1“were not changed by species proportion in the mixtures”
Claim · model-written summary
There was a positive relationship between Rhizobium nodules and plant biomass in white clover.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repenst0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse1
- Direction
- positive relationshipe1
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and Trifolium repens”
e1“There was a positive relationship between Rhizobium nodules and plant biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Under ozone, smaller plants tended to present a lower number of nodules.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- ozonee1
- Outcome
- number of nodulese1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- smaller plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and Trifolium repens”
e1“with a tendency for smaller plants to present lower number of nodules under ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest competitive and mutualistic interactions could have a greater role than species sensitivity in determining responses to novel air pollutants.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum and Trifolium repensTrifolium repensTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- responses to novel air pollutantse1
- Qualifier
- competitive and mutualistic interactionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triticum aestivum and Trifolium repens”
e1“competitive and mutualistic interactions could have a greater role in determining responses to novel air pollutants than species sensitivity to the xenobiotic, per se”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
62 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
66 papers more in this group
See all 70 papers →ozone · yield · Trifolium repens (white clover)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.