Abstract
The pattern of cortical microtubule arrays plays an important role in plant growth and adaptation in response to hormonal and environmental changes. Cortical microtubules are connected with the plasma membrane (PM); however, how the membrane affects cortical microtubule organization is not well understood. Here, we showed that phospholipase Dδ (PLDδ) was associated with the PM and co-localized with microtubules in cells. In vitro analysis revealed that PLDδ bound to microtubules, resulting in microtubule disorganization. Site-specific mutations that decreased PLDδ enzymatic activity impaired its effects on destabilizing microtubule organization. Heat shock transiently activated PLDδ, without any change of its PM localization, triggering microtubule dissociation from PM and depolymerization and seedling death in Arabidopsis, but these effects were alleviated in pldδ knockout mutants. Complementation of pldδ with wild-type PLDδ, but not mutated PLDδ, restored the phenotypes of microtubules and seedling survival to those of wild-type Arabidopsis. Thus, we conclude that the PM-associated PLDδ negatively regulates plant thermotolerance via destabilizing cortical microtubules, in an activity-dependent manner, rather than its subcellular translocation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
PLDδ localized with the plasma membrane and microtubules.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Gene
- PLDδe0
- Outcome
- associated with the PM and co-localized with microtubulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phospholipase Dδ (PLDδ) was associated with the PM and co-localized with microtubules in cells.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PLDδ bound microtubules and disorganized them in vitro.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PLDδe0
- Outcome
- microtubule disorganizatione0
- Setting
- In vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro analysis revealed that PLDδ bound to microtubules, resulting in microtubule disorganization.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations reducing PLDδ activity impaired microtubule destabilization.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Site-specific mutationse0
- Gene
- PLDδe0
- Outcome
- destabilizing microtubule organizatione0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Site-specific mutations that decreased PLDδ enzymatic activity impaired its effects on destabilizing microtubule organization.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat shock transiently activated PLDδ.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Heat shocke0
- Gene
- PLDδe0
- Outcome
- PLDδe0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Qualifier
- transientlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat shock transiently activated PLDδ, without any change of its PM localization, triggering microtubule dissociation from PM and depolymerization and seedling death in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat shock left PLDδ PM localization unchanged.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Heat shocke0
- Gene
- PLDδe0
- Outcome
- PM localizatione0
- Direction
- without any changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat shock transiently activated PLDδ, without any change of its PM localization, triggering microtubule dissociation from PM and depolymerization and seedling death in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat shock triggered microtubule dissociation and depolymerization in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Heat shocke0
- Outcome
- microtubule dissociation from PM and depolymerizatione0
- Direction
- triggeringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat shock transiently activated PLDδ, without any change of its PM localization, triggering microtubule dissociation from PM and depolymerization and seedling death in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat shock triggered Arabidopsis seedling death.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Heat shocke0
- Outcome
- seedling deathe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat shock transiently activated PLDδ, without any change of its PM localization, triggering microtubule dissociation from PM and depolymerization and seedling death in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PLDδ knockout alleviated heat shock effects.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- pldδ knockout mutantse0
- Treatment
- pldδ knockout mutantse0
- Outcome
- these effectse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but these effects were alleviated in pldδ knockout mutants.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild-type PLDδ complementation restored microtubule and survival phenotypes, whereas mutated PLDδ did not.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- wild-type PLDδe0
- Gene
- PLDδe0
- Outcome
- phenotypes of microtubules and seedling survivale0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Comparator
- mutated PLDδe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Complementation of pldδ with wild-type PLDδ, but not mutated PLDδ, restored the phenotypes of microtubules and seedling survival to those of wild-type Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that PM-associated PLDδ limits thermotolerance through activity-dependent microtubule destabilization.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PLDδe0
- Outcome
- plant thermotolerancee0
- Qualifier
- via destabilizing cortical microtubules, in an activity-dependent mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PM-associated PLDδ negatively regulates plant thermotolerance via destabilizing cortical microtubules, in an activity-dependent manner, rather than its subcellular translocation.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
heat · survival · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
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