Abstract
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) has ability to convert insoluble form of phosphorous to an available form. Applications of PSB as inoculants increase the phosphorus uptake by plant in the agriculture field. In this study, isolation and identification of PSB were carried out in Indian agriculture field (Nainital region, Uttarakhand). A total of 8 phosphate solubilizing bacterial colonies were isolated on the Pikovskaya's (PKV) agar medium, containing insoluble tricalcium phosphate (TCP). The colonies showed clear halo zones around the bacterial growth were considered as phosphate solubilizers. Out of 8 bacterial isolates, 3 isolates showed high phosphate solubilization index (PSI) ranged from 4.88 ± 0.69 to 4.48 ± 0.30, lower pH ranging 3.08 ± 0.08 to 3.82 ± 0.12 and high phosphate solubilization varied from 305.49 ± 10 μg/ml to 277.72 ± 1.45 μg/ml, were selected for further characterization. Based on the 16 S rRNA gene sequence analysis A4 isolate and H6 isolate were closely related to Alcaligenes aquatilis (99%), and C1 isolate was closely related to Burkholderia cepacia (99%). In addition, pot examination also showed the greatest efficiency in promotion of maize growth compared to uninoculated plant. Isolated PSB were able to produce different organic acids (such as gluconic acids, formic acid, and citric acid) in the culture supernatant and may consider as the principle mechanism for phosphate solubilization. This study clearly indicates that A4, C1 and H6 isolates may use as a biofertilizers in ecological agricultural systems instead of synthetic chemicals and may help to sustain environmental health and soil productivity.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Three of eight isolates showed a high phosphate solubilization index of about 4.88 to 4.48.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“efficiency on the growth of maize”
e1“3 isolates showed high phosphate solubilization index (PSI) ranged from 4.88 ± 0.69 to 4.48 ± 0.30”
Claim · model-written summary
The three selected isolates solubilized phosphate at about 305.49 to 277.72 μg/ml.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“efficiency on the growth of maize”
e2“high phosphate solubilization varied from 305.49 ± 10 μg/ml to 277.72 ± 1.45 μg/ml”
Claim · model-written summary
The A4 isolate is closely related to Alcaligenes aquatilis (99%) by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“efficiency on the growth of maize”
e4“A4 isolate and H6 isolate were closely related to Alcaligenes aquatilis (99%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The H6 isolate is closely related to Alcaligenes aquatilis (99%) by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“efficiency on the growth of maize”
e4“A4 isolate and H6 isolate were closely related to Alcaligenes aquatilis (99%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The C1 isolate is closely related to Burkholderia cepacia (99%) by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“efficiency on the growth of maize”
e5“C1 isolate was closely related to Burkholderia cepacia (99%)”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB inoculation gave the greatest efficiency in promoting maize growth compared with uninoculated plants in pots.
- Treatment
- PSB as inoculantse7
- Interactor
- PSBe7symbiont
- Outcome
- maize growthe6
- Direction
- greatest efficiency in promotione6
- Comparator
- uninoculated plante6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“efficiency on the growth of maize”
e6“pot examination also showed the greatest efficiency in promotion of maize growth compared to uninoculated plant”
e7“Applications of PSB as inoculants”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolated PSB produced different organic acids, including gluconic, formic and citric acid, in culture supernatant.
- Outcome
- different organic acidse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“efficiency on the growth of maize”
e4“Isolated PSB were able to produce different organic acids (such as gluconic acids, formic acid, and citric acid) in the culture supernatant”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic acids may be the principal mechanism of phosphate solubilization by the isolated PSB.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“efficiency on the growth of maize”
e4“Isolated PSB were able to produce different organic acids (such as gluconic acids, formic acid, and citric acid) in the culture supernatant”
e3“may consider as the principle mechanism for phosphate solubilization”
Claim · model-written summary
The A4, C1 and H6 isolates may be used as biofertilizers in ecological agricultural systems in place of synthetic chemicals.
- Outcome
- biofertilizers in ecological agricultural systemse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“efficiency on the growth of maize”
e2“A4, C1 and H6 isolates may use as a biofertilizers in ecological agricultural systems instead of synthetic chemicals”
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