Abstract
Land degradation caused by water erosion affects large areas of the world. In the arid regions, erosion is accentuated by fragile environmental conditions and limited economic and/or technical mitigation alternatives. Cropping systems are seen as promising tools. A 2-year experiment was conducted at Jordan University Station for Arid Land Research at Muwaqqar to investigate the influence of plant densities (250, 300, and 350 plants m−2) under different cropping systems (sole cropping, traditional sole cropping—up-and-down the slope—and contour strip intercropping) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) yields, soil and water losses. Average intercropping yields of vetch and barley were significantly increased (by more than 50%), especially at plant density of 350 plants m−2 as compared to their sole crops planted under similar plant density. This increase in yield was generally associated with a reduction in water and soil losses. Traditional sole cropping gave the highest significant runoff coefficients (above 0.30), and the lowest significant yields. Runoff coefficients were reduced to 0.17 as a result of planting barley and vetch under contour strip intercropping at a plant density of 350 plants m−2. The average land equivalent ratios (LER) for most intercropping treatments were greater than one, which indicates the superiority of intercropping over the sole cropping system. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was highly correlated with yields, water, and to some extent, soil losses. This indicated the possibility of using remote sensing to build an inventory of spatial and temporal variation of vegetation cover to serve land degradation mitigation efforts.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Average barley yields in intercropping increased significantly (by more than 50%) relative to sole crops at similar density, especially at 350 plants m−2.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- more than 50%e0
- Qualifier
- especially at plant density of 350 plants m−2e0
- Comparator
- sole cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Average intercropping yields of vetch and barley were significantly increased (by more than 50%), especially at plant density of 350 plants m−2 as compared to their sole crops planted under similar plant density”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Average vetch yields in intercropping increased significantly (by more than 50%) relative to sole crops at similar density, especially at 350 plants m−2.
Verbatim
e0“Average intercropping yields of vetch and barley were significantly increased (by more than 50%), especially at plant density of 350 plants m−2 as compared to their sole crops planted under similar plant density”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield increase was generally associated with a reduction in water and soil losses.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)
_Vicia_sativa.jpg?width=60)
Vicia sativaHordeum vulgaree1 - Outcome
- reduction in water and soil lossese0
- Qualifier
- associated withe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Vicia_sativa.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“This increase in yield was generally associated with a reduction in water and soil losses”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional sole cropping gave the highest significant runoff coefficients (above 0.30).
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)Vicia sativaHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Traditional sole croppinge0
- Outcome
- runoff coefficientse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- above 0.30e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Traditional sole cropping gave the highest significant runoff coefficients (above 0.30)”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional sole cropping gave the lowest significant yields.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)Vicia sativaHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Traditional sole croppinge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Traditional sole cropping gave the highest significant runoff coefficients (above 0.30), and the lowest significant yields”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Runoff coefficients were reduced to 0.17 by planting barley and vetch under contour strip intercropping at 350 plants m−2.
- Taxon
- barley and vetche0
- Treatment
- contour strip intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- Runoff coefficientse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 0.17e0
- Qualifier
- plant density of 350 plants m−2e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Runoff coefficients were reduced to 0.17 as a result of planting barley and vetch under contour strip intercropping at a plant density of 350 plants m−2”
Claim · model-written summary
Average land equivalent ratios for most intercropping treatments were greater than one, indicating superiority of intercropping over sole cropping.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)Vicia sativaHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- land equivalent ratios (LER)e0
- Value
- greater than onee0
- Comparator
- sole cropping systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average land equivalent ratios (LER) for most intercropping treatments were greater than one, which indicates the superiority of intercropping over the sole cropping system”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NDVI was highly correlated with yields, water losses and, to some extent, soil losses.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)Vicia sativaHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was highly correlated with yields, water, and to some extent, soil lossese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was highly correlated with yields, water, and to some extent, soil losses”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude remote sensing could be used to inventory spatial and temporal variation of vegetation cover to serve land degradation mitigation.
- Taxon
- barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)Vicia sativaHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- inventory of spatial and temporal variation of vegetation covere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This indicated the possibility of using remote sensing to build an inventory of spatial and temporal variation of vegetation cover to serve land degradation mitigation efforts”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)”
The same questions in other papers
intercropping · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →intercropping · yield · Vicia sativa (common vetch)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →intercropping · soil: physics · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.