Abstract
Effects of soluble silicon and surfactants on the development of powdery mildew of cucumber were tested for environmentally safe powdery mildew control. Tested soluble silicon was potassium silicate and tested commercial surfactants were Jeonchakje, Silhouette, Kaba, and Tween 20. Tested concentrations were 2, 4, 8, 16mM for the soluble silicon, 0.5 and 1.0% for Tween 20, 0.05 and 0.1% for both Jeonchakje and Kaba, and 0.03 and 0.07% for Silhouette. Water dilutions of tested materials were sprayed on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves once a week for 4 weeks. From 3 days after the second spray, the diseased area and the numbers of fungal colony were measured from the treated leaves for 6 times at 3-4 days interval. Powdery mildew was less severe on treated cucumber compared to distilled water-treated cucumber (check). In all treatments, diseased area index was proportional to the number of the fungal colony. At the end of investigation, there was severe powdery mildew on check cucumbers. Average 30% of a leaf was colonized by powdery mildew fungus and the average number of the fungal colony per leaf reached to more than 70. On the other hand, none of the treated cucumber suffered severe powdery mildew. The treatments including 8 and 16mM of soluble silicon, doubled concentration of Kaba, and 0.5 and 1.0% of Tween 20 showed more than 80% of control effect compared to water-treated cucumber. In addition, no phytotoxicity was found. Potassium silicate and Tween 20 showed the possibility to replace chemical pesticides for the control of powdery mildew.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Treated cucumber had less severe powdery mildew than water treated cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- treated cucumbere0
- Outcome
- Powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- less severee0
- Comparator
- distilled water-treated cucumbere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew was less severe on treated cucumber compared to distilled water-treated cucumber (check).”
Claim · model-written summary
Diseased area index was proportional to fungal colony number across treatments.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- diseased area indexe0
- Comparator
- number of the fungal colonye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all treatments, diseased area index was proportional to the number of the fungal colony.”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The check had severe powdery mildew at the end of investigation.
- Taxon
- cucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- severe powdery mildewe0
- Comparator
- checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the end of investigation, there was severe powdery mildew on check cucumbers.”
Claim · model-written summary
On average 30% of a check leaf was colonized by powdery mildew fungus.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- powdery mildew funguse0pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf was colonized by powdery mildew funguse0
- Value
- 30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average 30% of a leaf was colonized by powdery mildew fungus”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The average fungal colony count per check leaf exceeded 70.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- number of the fungal colony per leafe0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- more than 70e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average number of the fungal colony per leaf reached to more than 70.”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
No treated cucumber suffered severe powdery mildew.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- treated cucumbere0
- Outcome
- none of the treated cucumber suffered severe powdery mildewe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“none of the treated cucumber suffered severe powdery mildew.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 8 and 16mM soluble silicon treatments had more than 80% control effect versus water treatment.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 8 and 16mM of soluble silicone0
- Outcome
- control effecte0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- more than 80%e0
- Comparator
- water-treated cucumbere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments including 8 and 16mM of soluble silicon, doubled concentration of Kaba, and 0.5 and 1.0% of Tween 20 showed more than 80% of control effect compared to water-treated cucumber.”
Claim · model-written summary
Doubled Kaba concentration had more than 80% control effect versus water treatment.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- doubled concentration of Kabae0
- Outcome
- control effecte0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- more than 80%e0
- Comparator
- water-treated cucumbere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments including 8 and 16mM of soluble silicon, doubled concentration of Kaba, and 0.5 and 1.0% of Tween 20 showed more than 80% of control effect compared to water-treated cucumber.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.5 and 1.0% Tween 20 treatments had more than 80% control effect versus water treatment.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 0.5 and 1.0% of Tween 20e0
- Outcome
- control effecte0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- more than 80%e0
- Comparator
- water-treated cucumbere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments including 8 and 16mM of soluble silicon, doubled concentration of Kaba, and 0.5 and 1.0% of Tween 20 showed more than 80% of control effect compared to water-treated cucumber.”
Claim · model-written summary
No phytotoxicity was found.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- no phytotoxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no phytotoxicity was found.”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest potassium silicate and Tween 20 as potential replacements for chemical pesticides against cucumber powdery mildew.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Potassium silicate and Tween 20e0
- Outcome
- possibility to replace chemical pesticides for the control of powdery mildewe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium silicate and Tween 20 showed the possibility to replace chemical pesticides for the control of powdery mildew.”
t0“Cucumber”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · control · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.