Abstract
Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides was investigated in field and laboratory conditions. Field experiments were conducted during 2008–2009, and the efficacy of triazoles – difenoconazole, flusilazole was established and compared with captan attributed to the Phtalamide chemical group. Sensitivities of monosporial isolates of V. inaequalis, originated from locations with different history of fungicide usage, were tested in laboratory. Mycellia growth inhibition on growth medium with flusilazole, difenoconazole and captan was monitored and susceptibility parameters (EC50 values) were determined using probit analysis. The isolates sensitivity in vivo was tested on apple seedlings using inoculation method. In field experiments, low efficacy of both DMI fungicides, difenoconazole and flusilazole and high efficacy of multi-site fungicide captan were established. The EC50 values were ranging from 0.005– 0.148 and 0.016–0.362 μg ml-1 for flusilazole and difenoconazole, respectively. Isolates originated from orchard where DMI fungicides had never been used, showed a normal susceptibility to all fungicides while isolates originated from experimental and commercial orchard showed resistance to both flusilazole and difenoconazole. All tested isolates showed a similar sensitivity to captan.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
In field experiments, difenoconazole and flusilazole showed low efficacy against Venturia inaequalis on apple.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- difenoconazole and flusilazolee2
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalis
Venturia inaequalise0pathogen - Outcome
- efficacye2
- Direction
- lowe2
- Comparator
- captane2
- Setting
- field experimentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides was investigated in field and laboratory conditions”
e1“The isolates sensitivity in vivo was tested on apple seedlings using inoculation method”
e2“In field experiments, low efficacy of both DMI fungicides, difenoconazole and flusilazole and high efficacy of multi-site fungicide captan were established”
Claim · model-written summary
In field experiments, captan showed high efficacy against Venturia inaequalis on apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- captane2
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacye2
- Direction
- highe2
- Comparator
- difenoconazole and flusilazolee2
- Setting
- field experimentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides was investigated in field and laboratory conditions”
e1“The isolates sensitivity in vivo was tested on apple seedlings using inoculation method”
e2“In field experiments, low efficacy of both DMI fungicides, difenoconazole and flusilazole and high efficacy of multi-site fungicide captan were established”
Claim · model-written summary
Venturia inaequalis isolates had flusilazole EC50 values of 0.005– 0.148 μg ml-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- flusilazolee3
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- EC50 valuese3
- Value
- 0.005– 0.148e3
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides was investigated in field and laboratory conditions”
e1“The isolates sensitivity in vivo was tested on apple seedlings using inoculation method”
e3“The EC50 values were ranging from 0.005– 0.148 and 0.016–0.362 μg ml-1 for flusilazole and difenoconazole, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Venturia inaequalis isolates had difenoconazole EC50 values of 0.016–0.362 μg ml-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- difenoconazolee3
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- EC50 valuese3
- Value
- 0.016–0.362 μg ml-1e3
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides was investigated in field and laboratory conditions”
e1“The isolates sensitivity in vivo was tested on apple seedlings using inoculation method”
e3“The EC50 values were ranging from 0.005– 0.148 and 0.016–0.362 μg ml-1 for flusilazole and difenoconazole, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolates from experimental and commercial apple orchards showed resistance to flusilazole and difenoconazole.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- isolates originated from experimental and commercial orcharde4
- Treatment
- flusilazole and difenoconazolee4
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistancee4
- Setting
- experimental and commercial orcharde4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides was investigated in field and laboratory conditions”
e1“The isolates sensitivity in vivo was tested on apple seedlings using inoculation method”
e4“while isolates originated from experimental and commercial orchard showed resistance to both flusilazole and difenoconazole”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolates from an orchard where DMI fungicides had never been used showed normal susceptibility to all fungicides.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Isolates originated from orchard where DMI fungicides had never been usede4
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- normal susceptibilitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides was investigated in field and laboratory conditions”
e1“The isolates sensitivity in vivo was tested on apple seedlings using inoculation method”
e4“Isolates originated from orchard where DMI fungicides had never been used, showed a normal susceptibility to all fungicides”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested Venturia inaequalis isolates showed similar sensitivity to captan.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- captane5
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- sensitivitye5
- Qualifier
- similare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides was investigated in field and laboratory conditions”
e1“The isolates sensitivity in vivo was tested on apple seedlings using inoculation method”
e5“All tested isolates showed a similar sensitivity to captan”
The same questions in other papers
flusilazole · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
difenoconazole · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →captan · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.