Abstract
The effects of an induced Pisolithus tinctorius infection and broadcast fertilization were studied on the survival and growth of loblolly (Pinus taeda), Virginia (Pinus virginiana), and shortleaf (Pinus echinata) pine outplanted on a reclaimed east Tennessee coal surface mine site. The study site had been previously regraded and hydroseeded with a mixture of ground cover species. After six years, the survival and growth of loblolly pine with P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizae were signficantly improved in comparison with control loblolly pine infected by other ectomycorrhizal symbionts. The response of the Virginia pine to the infection by P. tinctorius was negligible after five years. Fertilization at outplanting significantly reduced the survival of both loblolly and Virginia pine. Fertilization of the shortleaf pine at the start of the third growing season did not result in the drastic mortality exhibited by the loblolly pine, and to a lesser extent the Virginia pine, in response to fertilization at outplanting, but this treatment was still detrimental to the survival of the shortleaf pine after five years. There was a marginal improvement in the survival and growth of the shortleaf pine in response to the infection by P. tinctorius. The effect of fertilization on the growth of allmore » three species was negligible, and the increase in mortality associated with this treatment appeared to be primarily the result of increased competition with the ground cover species. These results indicate that the magnitude of the response exhibited by pines on harsh sites to an ectomycorrhizal infection by P. tinctorius is species dependent. Also, broadcast fertilization is inefficient on surface-mined sites where a vegetative ground cover has been established. 11 refs., 3 tabs.« less
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pisolithus infection significantly improved loblolly pine survival and growth after six years.
- Taxon
- loblolly pine
Pinus taedae0 - Treatment
- P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizaee0
- Interactor
- P. tinctorius
Pisolithus tinctoriuse0symbiont - Outcome
- survival and growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- After six yearse0
- Comparator
- control loblolly pine infected by other ectomycorrhizal symbiontse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After six years, the survival and growth of loblolly pine with P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizae were signficantly improved in comparison with control loblolly pine infected by other ectomycorrhizal symbionts”
t0“loblolly, Virginia, and shortleaf pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Pisolithus infection had negligible effect on Virginia pine after five years.
- Taxon
- Virginia pinee0
- Treatment
- infection by P. tinctoriuse0
- Interactor
- P. tinctoriusPisolithus tinctoriuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- response of the Virginia pinee0
- Direction
- negligiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of the Virginia pine to the infection by P. tinctorius was negligible after five years”
t0“loblolly, Virginia, and shortleaf pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization at outplanting significantly reduced loblolly pine survival.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization at outplanting significantly reduced the survival of both loblolly and Virginia pine”
t0“loblolly, Virginia, and shortleaf pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization at outplanting significantly reduced Virginia pine survival.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization at outplanting significantly reduced the survival of both loblolly and Virginia pine”
t0“loblolly, Virginia, and shortleaf pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization in the third growing season harmed shortleaf pine survival after five years.
- Taxon
- shortleaf pine
Pinus echinatae0 - Treatment
- Fertilization of the shortleaf pine at the start of the third growing seasone0
- Outcome
- survival of the shortleaf pinee0
- Direction
- detrimentale0
- Qualifier
- after five yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization of the shortleaf pine at the start of the third growing season did not result in the drastic mortality exhibited by the loblolly pine, and to a lesser extent the Virginia pine, in response to fertilization at outplanting, but this treatment was still detrimental to the survival of the shortleaf pine after five years”
t0“loblolly, Virginia, and shortleaf pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Pisolithus infection marginally improved shortleaf pine survival and growth.
- Taxon
- shortleaf pinePinus echinatae0
- Treatment
- infection by P. tinctoriuse0
- Interactor
- P. tinctoriusPisolithus tinctoriuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- survival and growthe0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a marginal improvement in the survival and growth of the shortleaf pine in response to the infection by P. tinctorius”
t0“loblolly, Virginia, and shortleaf pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization had negligible effect on growth of all three pine species.
- Taxon
- loblolly, Virginia, and shortleaf pinet0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- negligiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The effect of fertilization on the growth of allmore » three species was negligible”
t0“loblolly, Virginia, and shortleaf pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization-associated mortality appeared primarily due to ground cover competition.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in mortality associated with this treatment appeared to be primarily the result of increased competition with the ground cover species”
t0“loblolly, Virginia, and shortleaf pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Pine response magnitude to Pisolithus infection depended on species.
- Interactor
- P. tinctoriusPisolithus tinctoriuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- magnitude of the responsee0
PinusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the magnitude of the response exhibited by pines on harsh sites to an ectomycorrhizal infection by P. tinctorius is species dependent”
t0“loblolly, Virginia, and shortleaf pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast fertilization was judged inefficient on vegetated surface mine sites.
Verbatim
e0“broadcast fertilization is inefficient on surface-mined sites where a vegetative ground cover has been established”
t0“loblolly, Virginia, and shortleaf pine”
The same questions in other papers
Pisolithus tinctorius · growth · Pinus echinata (shortleaf pine)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
Pisolithus tinctorius · growth · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →mycorrhiza · growth · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
climate site · survival · Pinus echinata (shortleaf pine)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.