Abstract
Multiple harvests are often necessary to achieve maximum yield of well-colored high-quality apples. This is true for most cultivars, and particularly for `Gala'. Multiple harvests add significantly to the cost of producing apples. We tested our hypotheses that anthocyanin production of ReTain™-treated apples may be enhanced by ethephon without overly stimulating other ripening processes and ReTain™ may promote uniform maturation of apples within and between trees by delaying maturation and ripening processes. Experiments were conducted with `Gala', `Empire', and `Jonagold' apples at the MSU CHES in 1997 and 1998 employing the rootstock/training systems research plot. Treatments were 1) ReTain™ (50g/ac.) applied 3 to 4 weeks before harvest, 2) ReTain™ followed by ethephon (3/4 pt/ac.) applied 1 to 2 weeks before harvest, 3) ethephon, and 4) control (Silwet® L-77 surfactant only). ReTain™ applied alone delayed the onset of the ethylene climacteric and red color development of `Gala' apples. ReTain™ followed by ethephon delayed the onset of the ethylene climacteric and red color development at the commercial harvest date was not significantly affected. Similar results were obtained with the `Empire' and `Jonagold'. Results with ReTain™ and ReTain™ + ethephon in 1998 on `Gala', `Empire', and `Jonagold' apples were more profound than in 1997; we attribute this to less environmental stress on the trees, which were well-irrigated in 1998. The ripening-related effects of treatments were reflected in the storability of fruit 1997 in air and particularly during CA storage where the action of ethylene in ripening can be attenuated. ReTain™ - and ReTain™ + ethephon-treated fruit were still at preclimacteric ethylene levels after 6 months in CA with excellent retention of flesh firmness and shelf-life, while ethephon and control fruit had higher ethylene levels and softened more during storage and shelf-life evaluation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
ReTain delayed ethylene climacteric onset in Gala apples.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- `Gala'e0
- Treatment
- ReTain™e0
- Outcome
- onset of the ethylene climacterice0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ReTain™ applied alone delayed the onset of the ethylene climacteric and red color development of `Gala' apples.”
Claim · model-written summary
ReTain delayed red color development in Gala apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- `Gala'e0
- Treatment
- ReTain™e0
- Outcome
- red color developmente0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ReTain™ applied alone delayed the onset of the ethylene climacteric and red color development of `Gala' apples.”
Claim · model-written summary
ReTain followed by ethephon delayed ethylene climacteric onset.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ReTain™ followed by ethephone0
- Outcome
- onset of the ethylene climacterice0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ReTain™ followed by ethephon delayed the onset of the ethylene climacteric and red color development at the commercial harvest date was not significantly affected.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
ReTain followed by ethephon did not significantly affect red color at commercial harvest.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ReTain™ followed by ethephone0
- Outcome
- red color developmente0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ReTain™ followed by ethephon delayed the onset of the ethylene climacteric and red color development at the commercial harvest date was not significantly affected.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Empire showed similar treatment responses.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- `Empire'e0
- Outcome
- Similar resultse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were obtained with the `Empire' and `Jonagold'.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Jonagold showed similar treatment responses.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- `Jonagold'e0
- Outcome
- Similar resultse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were obtained with the `Empire' and `Jonagold'.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment effects were more pronounced in 1998 than 1997.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- Results with ReTain™ and ReTain™ + ethephone0
- Direction
- more profounde0
- Qualifier
- 1998e0
- Comparator
- 1997e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results with ReTain™ and ReTain™ + ethephon in 1998 on `Gala', `Empire', and `Jonagold' apples were more profound than in 1997; we attribute this to less environmental stress on the trees, which were well-irrigated in 1998.”
Claim · model-written summary
ReTain-treated fruit remained at preclimacteric ethylene levels after six months in controlled atmosphere storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ReTain™e0
- Outcome
- preclimacteric ethylene levelse0
- Qualifier
- after 6 months in CAe0
- Comparator
- control fruite0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ReTain™ - and ReTain™ + ethephon-treated fruit were still at preclimacteric ethylene levels after 6 months in CA with excellent retention of flesh firmness and shelf-life, while ethephon and control fruit had higher ethylene levels and softened more during storage and shelf-life evaluation.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
ReTain plus ethephon fruit remained at preclimacteric ethylene levels after six months in controlled atmosphere storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ReTain™ + ethephone0
- Outcome
- preclimacteric ethylene levelse0
- Qualifier
- after 6 months in CAe0
- Comparator
- control fruite0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ReTain™ - and ReTain™ + ethephon-treated fruit were still at preclimacteric ethylene levels after 6 months in CA with excellent retention of flesh firmness and shelf-life, while ethephon and control fruit had higher ethylene levels and softened more during storage and shelf-life evaluation.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
ReTain-treated fruit retained flesh firmness and shelf life in controlled atmosphere storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ReTain™e0
- Outcome
- retention of flesh firmness and shelf-lifee0
- Qualifier
- after 6 months in CAe0
- Comparator
- control fruite0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ReTain™ - and ReTain™ + ethephon-treated fruit were still at preclimacteric ethylene levels after 6 months in CA with excellent retention of flesh firmness and shelf-life, while ethephon and control fruit had higher ethylene levels and softened more during storage and shelf-life evaluation.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
ReTain plus ethephon fruit retained flesh firmness and shelf life in controlled atmosphere storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ReTain™ + ethephone0
- Outcome
- retention of flesh firmness and shelf-lifee0
- Qualifier
- after 6 months in CAe0
- Comparator
- control fruite0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ReTain™ - and ReTain™ + ethephon-treated fruit were still at preclimacteric ethylene levels after 6 months in CA with excellent retention of flesh firmness and shelf-life, while ethephon and control fruit had higher ethylene levels and softened more during storage and shelf-life evaluation.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon and control fruit had higher ethylene and softened more in storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- higher ethylene levels and softened moree0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ReTain™ - and ReTain™ + ethephon-treated fruit were still at preclimacteric ethylene levels after 6 months in CA with excellent retention of flesh firmness and shelf-life, while ethephon and control fruit had higher ethylene levels and softened more during storage and shelf-life evaluation.”
t0“apples”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.