Abstract
A trial in the Huon Valley of southern Tasmania in 1976 showed that ethephon sprays applied seven days prior to harvest strongly advanced the red colouration of the apple cultivar Tydeman Early. Urea sprayed with the ethephon did not have a synergistic effect on apple colour as suggested for other types of fruit. In a second trial in 1977, sprays were applied two, one and zero weeks before the normal date of first picking, and the fruit harvested one week after spraying. At the first harvest the percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red) were 8.5, 39.9, 53.4 and 60.4 in the 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm ethephon treatments, respectively. The 100 ppm spray was better than the control (P < 0.001), and 200 ppm was better than 100 ppm, (P < 0.05) ;the 300 ppm spray was not significantly better than 200 ppm. The 200 ppm treatment achieved the over 50% target in the high colour category at the first harvest. Even at the third harvest, fruit on unsprayed trees was not red enough for a one-pick harvest. Treatments reduced yield through an increase in windfalls from 12 to 22% as the ethephon concentration increased from 0 to 300 ppm. No effect on mean fruit size was detected. No commercially important quality problems arose during storage although there was a small overall incidence of slight core rots. This work leads to a recommendation that in Tasmania 200 ppm ethephon should be sprayed two weeks prior to the normal first pick, allowing the complete harvest of marketable fruit one week prior to normal first pick. A stop-drop spray such as NAA or 245TP should be sprayed with the ethephon to reduce abscission losses. Storage is recommended as a method of bridging the supply gap between Tydeman Early and mid-season cultivars.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon sprays applied seven days before harvest strongly advanced red colouration of Tydeman Early apples.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- Tydeman Earlyt0
- Treatment
- ethephon sprays applied seven days prior to harveste1
- Outcome
- red colouratione1
- Direction
- strongly advancede1
- Setting
- Huon Valley of southern Tasmaniae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e1“A trial in the Huon Valley of southern Tasmania in 1976 showed that ethephon sprays applied seven days prior to harvest strongly advanced the red colouration of the apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea sprayed with ethephon had no synergistic effect on apple colour.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Urea sprayed with the ethephone2
- Outcome
- synergistic effect on apple coloure2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e2“Urea sprayed with the ethephon did not have a synergistic effect on apple colour as suggested for other types of fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100 ppm ethephon spray gave a better percentage of fruit in the top colour category than the control (P < 0.001).
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 100 ppm spraye3
- Outcome
- percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red)e6
- Direction
- bettere3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e3“The 100 ppm spray was better than the control (P < 0.001), and 200 ppm was better than 100 ppm, (P < 0.05)”
e6“At the first harvest the percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red) were 8.5, 39.9, 53.4 and 60.4 in the 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm ethephon treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
200 ppm ethephon gave a better percentage of fruit in the top colour category than 100 ppm (P < 0.05).
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 200 ppme3
- Outcome
- percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red)e6
- Direction
- bettere3
- Comparator
- 100 ppme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e3“The 100 ppm spray was better than the control (P < 0.001), and 200 ppm was better than 100 ppm, (P < 0.05)”
e6“At the first harvest the percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red) were 8.5, 39.9, 53.4 and 60.4 in the 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm ethephon treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 300 ppm ethephon spray was not significantly better than 200 ppm.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- the 300 ppm spraye4
- Outcome
- percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red)e6
- Direction
- not significantly bettere4
- Comparator
- 200 ppme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e4“the 300 ppm spray was not significantly better than 200 ppm”
e6“At the first harvest the percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red) were 8.5, 39.9, 53.4 and 60.4 in the 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm ethephon treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
200 ppm ethephon achieved the over 50% target in the high colour category at the first harvest.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- The 200 ppm treatmente5
- Outcome
- over 50% target in the high colour categorye5
- Direction
- achievede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e5“The 200 ppm treatment achieved the over 50% target in the high colour category at the first harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
At the first harvest, 8.5% of fruit from the 0 ppm ethephon treatment was in the top colour category.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone6
- Outcome
- percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red)e6
- Value
- 8.5e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e6“At the first harvest the percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red) were 8.5, 39.9, 53.4 and 60.4 in the 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm ethephon treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At the first harvest, 39.9% of fruit from the 100 ppm ethephon treatment was in the top colour category.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone6
- Outcome
- percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red)e6
- Value
- 39.9e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e6“At the first harvest the percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red) were 8.5, 39.9, 53.4 and 60.4 in the 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm ethephon treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At the first harvest, 53.4% of fruit from the 200 ppm ethephon treatment was in the top colour category.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone6
- Outcome
- percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red)e6
- Value
- 53.4e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e6“At the first harvest the percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red) were 8.5, 39.9, 53.4 and 60.4 in the 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm ethephon treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At the first harvest, 60.4% of fruit from the 300 ppm ethephon treatment was in the top colour category.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephone6
- Outcome
- percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red)e6
- Value
- 60.4e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e6“At the first harvest the percentages of fruit in the economically important colour category (61-100% red) were 8.5, 39.9, 53.4 and 60.4 in the 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm ethephon treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Even at the third harvest, fruit on unsprayed trees was not red enough for a one-pick harvest.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- red enough for a one-pick harveste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e1“Even at the third harvest, fruit on unsprayed trees was not red enough for a one-pick harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon concentration from 0 to 300 ppm reduced yield.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephon concentration increased from 0 to 300 ppme7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e7“Treatments reduced yield through an increase in windfalls from 12 to 22% as the ethephon concentration increased from 0 to 300 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon concentration increased windfalls from 12 to 22%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephon concentratione7
- Outcome
- windfallse7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Value
- from 12 to 22%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e7“Treatments reduced yield through an increase in windfalls from 12 to 22% as the ethephon concentration increased from 0 to 300 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon had no effect on mean fruit size.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- mean fruit sizee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e1“No effect on mean fruit size was detected”
Claim · model-written summary
No commercially important quality problems arose in storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- commercially important quality problemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e1“No commercially important quality problems arose during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
A small overall incidence of slight core rots occurred in storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- incidence of slight core rotse1
- Qualifier
- small overalle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e1“there was a small overall incidence of slight core rots”
Claim · model-written summary
In Tasmania, 200 ppm ethephon should be sprayed two weeks before the normal first pick.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- 200 ppm ethephon should be sprayed two weeks prior to the normal first picke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e1“This work leads to a recommendation that in Tasmania 200 ppm ethephon should be sprayed two weeks prior to the normal first pick”
Claim · model-written summary
A stop-drop spray such as NAA or 245TP should be applied with ethephon to reduce abscission losses.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- A stop-drop spray such as NAA or 245TPe1
- Outcome
- reduce abscission lossese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e1“A stop-drop spray such as NAA or 245TP should be sprayed with the ethephon to reduce abscission losses”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage is recommended to bridge the supply gap between Tydeman Early and mid-season cultivars.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- bridging the supply gap between Tydeman Early and mid-season cultivarse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple cultivar Tydeman Early”
e1“Storage is recommended as a method of bridging the supply gap between Tydeman Early and mid-season cultivars”
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