Abstract
Potassium (K) fertilization and antioxidant enzymes both positively influence plant growth and development. However, it is not known whether K treatment improves fruit development via increasing soluble sugar. In this study, K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom and was analyzed for ROS production and trehalose metabolism. The results show that K fertilization improved fruit firmness, increased growth according to several parameters, increased soluble sugar content, and decreased ROS production. The ascorbate metabolic pathway more effectively reduced ROS production than catalase and peroxidase (POD) did under K treatment. Trehalose-treated fruit also showed higher activity of ascorbate-related enzymes (DHAR, GR, and APX) compared with non-treated fruit. The changes of antioxidant enzyme activity in trehalose-treated fruit corresponded to those in K-treated fruit. Moreover, trehalase (TREH) activity in fruit was notably reduced by K treatment. This demonstrates that K influences ROS production via regulating trehalose content and TREH activity in fruit. This study provides new insight into the K mechanism which improves fruit development, including fruit firmness and size.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization improved apple fruit firmness.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.
Malus domesticae2 - Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- 60 to 150 days after full bloome2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results show that K fertilization improved fruit firmness, increased growth according to several parameters, increased soluble sugar content, and decreased ROS production”
e2“K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization increased apple fruit growth according to several parameters.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- according to several parameterse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results show that K fertilization improved fruit firmness, increased growth according to several parameters, increased soluble sugar content, and decreased ROS production”
e2“K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization increased soluble sugar content in apple fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- soluble sugar contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results show that K fertilization improved fruit firmness, increased growth according to several parameters, increased soluble sugar content, and decreased ROS production”
e2“K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization decreased ROS production in apple fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- K fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- ROS productione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results show that K fertilization improved fruit firmness, increased growth according to several parameters, increased soluble sugar content, and decreased ROS production”
e2“K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
The ascorbate metabolic pathway reduced ROS production more effectively than catalase and peroxidase under potassium treatment in apple fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Compound
- ascorbatee3
- Outcome
- ROS productione3
- Qualifier
- more effectivelye3
- Comparator
- catalase and peroxidase (POD)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom”
e3“The ascorbate metabolic pathway more effectively reduced ROS production than catalase and peroxidase (POD) did under K treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose-treated apple fruit showed higher activity of ascorbate-related enzymes than non-treated fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Treatment
- Trehalosee4
- Gene
- DHAR, GR, and APXe4
- Outcome
- activity of ascorbate-related enzymese4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- non-treated fruite4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom”
e4“Trehalose-treated fruit also showed higher activity of ascorbate-related enzymes (DHAR, GR, and APX) compared with non-treated fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes of antioxidant enzyme activity in trehalose-treated apple fruit corresponded to those in K-treated fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Treatment
- trehalose-treated fruite5
- Outcome
- changes of antioxidant enzyme activitye5
- Comparator
- K-treated fruite5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom”
e5“The changes of antioxidant enzyme activity in trehalose-treated fruit corresponded to those in K-treated fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
K treatment notably reduced trehalase (TREH) activity in apple fruit.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Treatment
- K treatmente6
- Gene
- TREHe6
- Outcome
- trehalase (TREH) activitye6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom”
e6“Moreover, trehalase (TREH) activity in fruit was notably reduced by K treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium influences ROS production in apple fruit via regulating trehalose content and TREH activity.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica Borkh.Malus domesticae2
- Treatment
- Ke7
- Gene
- TREHe7
- Compound
- trehalosee7
- Outcome
- ROS productione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“K-treated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit was harvested from 60 to 150 days after full bloom”
e7“This demonstrates that K influences ROS production via regulating trehalose content and TREH activity in fruit”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.