Abstract
We examined the role of jasmonic acid (JA) in faba bean under cadmium (Cd) stress, which reduces the growth, biomass yield, leaf relative water content (LRWC) and pigment systems. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) levels increased by 2.78 and 2.24-fold, respectively, in plants under Cd stress, resulting in enhanced electrolyte leakage. Following foliar application to Cd-treated plants, JA restored growth, biomass yield, LRWC and pigment systems to appreciable levels and reduced levels of H2O2, MDA and electrolyte leakage. Proline and glycine betaine concentrations increased by 5.73 and 2.61-fold, respectively, in faba bean under Cd stress, with even higher concentrations observed following JA application to Cd-stressed plants. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase levels rose by 87.47%, 130.54%, 132.55% and 37.79%, respectively, with Cd toxicity, with further enhancement of antioxidant activities observed following foliar application of JA. Accumulation of Cd in roots, shoots and leaves was also minimized by external supplementation of JA. In conclusion, JA mitigates the negative impacts of Cd stress in faba bean plants by inhibiting the accumulation of Cd, H2O2 and MDA, and by enhancing osmolyte and antioxidant activities that reduce oxidative stress.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress reduced faba bean growth, biomass yield, leaf relative water content and pigment systems.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- cadmium (Cd) stresse0
- Outcome
- growth, biomass yield, leaf relative water content (LRWC) and pigment systemse0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cadmium (Cd) stress, which reduces the growth, biomass yield, leaf relative water content (LRWC) and pigment systems”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased hydrogen peroxide 2.78-fold.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.78e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) levels increased by 2.78 and 2.24-fold, respectively, in plants under Cd stress”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased malondialdehyde 2.24-fold.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.24-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) levels increased by 2.78 and 2.24-fold, respectively, in plants under Cd stress”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium-induced peroxide and lipid peroxidation enhanced electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- enhanced electrolyte leakagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in plants under Cd stress, resulting in enhanced electrolyte leakage”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar jasmonic acid restored growth, biomass yield and leaf relative water content in cadmium-stressed faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- growth, biomass yield, LRWCe0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Comparator
- Cd-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following foliar application to Cd-treated plants, JA restored growth, biomass yield, LRWC and pigment systems to appreciable levels”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar jasmonic acid restored pigment systems in cadmium-stressed faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- JAe0
- Outcome
- pigment systemse0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Comparator
- Cd-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following foliar application to Cd-treated plants, JA restored growth, biomass yield, LRWC and pigment systems to appreciable levels”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid reduced hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage in cadmium-stressed faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- JAe0
- Outcome
- levels of H2O2, MDA and electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA restored growth, biomass yield, LRWC and pigment systems to appreciable levels and reduced levels of H2O2, MDA and electrolyte leakage”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased proline concentration 5.73-fold.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline and glycine betaine concentrations increased by 5.73 and 2.61-fold, respectively, in faba bean under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased glycine betaine concentration 2.61-fold.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- glycine betaine concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.61-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline and glycine betaine concentrations increased by 5.73 and 2.61-fold, respectively, in faba bean under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid further increased proline and glycine betaine concentrations in cadmium-stressed faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- JA applicatione0
- Outcome
- Proline and glycine betaine concentrationse0
- Direction
- even highere0
- Comparator
- Cd-stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline and glycine betaine concentrations increased by 5.73 and 2.61-fold, respectively, in faba bean under Cd stress, with even higher concentrations observed following JA application to Cd-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium toxicity increased superoxide dismutase 87.47%.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Cd toxicitye0
- Gene
- Superoxide dismutasee0
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 87.47%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase levels rose by 87.47%, 130.54%, 132.55% and 37.79%, respectively, with Cd toxicity”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium toxicity increased catalase 130.54%.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Cd toxicitye0
- Gene
- catalasee0
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 130.54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase levels rose by 87.47%, 130.54%, 132.55% and 37.79%, respectively, with Cd toxicity”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium toxicity increased ascorbate peroxidase 132.55%.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Cd toxicitye0
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 132.55%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase levels rose by 87.47%, 130.54%, 132.55% and 37.79%, respectively, with Cd toxicity”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium toxicity increased glutathione reductase 37.79%.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Cd toxicitye0
- Gene
- glutathione reductasee0
- Outcome
- glutathione reductasee0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 37.79%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase levels rose by 87.47%, 130.54%, 132.55% and 37.79%, respectively, with Cd toxicity”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar jasmonic acid further enhanced antioxidant activities in cadmium-stressed faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of JAe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- further enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with further enhancement of antioxidant activities observed following foliar application of JA”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid minimized cadmium accumulation in roots, shoots and leaves.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- external supplementation of JAe0
- Outcome
- Accumulation of Cd in roots, shoots and leavese0
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulation of Cd in roots, shoots and leaves was also minimized by external supplementation of JA”
t0“faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute mitigation of cadmium stress to reduced cadmium, peroxide and malondialdehyde accumulation and increased osmolyte and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- JAe0
- Outcome
- negative impacts of Cd stresse0
- Qualifier
- inhibiting the accumulation of Cd, H2O2 and MDA, and by enhancing osmolyte and antioxidant activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA mitigates the negative impacts of Cd stress in faba bean plants by inhibiting the accumulation of Cd, H2O2 and MDA, and by enhancing osmolyte and antioxidant activities that reduce oxidative stress”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: osmolytes · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
jasmonic acid · molecular: metabolites · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cadmium atom · physiology: oxidative · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
cadmium atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
heavy metal · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: osmolytes · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
application · molecular: metabolites · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →application · physiology: water · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.