Abstract
The effects of cadmium (Cd) on antioxidant responses and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in Vicia faba L. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), and the levels of ascorbate (ASC), glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde (MDA, indicator of lipid peroxidation) were measured. Genotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the changes in the mitotic index (MI) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). Increased activities of SOD and CAT were observed in plants treated with 50 and 100 µM Cd. It was found that APX activity increased remarkably with 50 µM Cd, but no significant changes were found in GR activity in any of the treatment groups. These changes in antioxidant enzyme activities were negatively correlated with lipid peroxidation. However, a positive correlation between the increase of H2O2 levels and Cd concentration occurred with all levels of Cd. A significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was only observed at the highest (200 µM) Cd concentration. This finding suggests that membrane damage did not occur in moderate Cd frequency. SCE increased significantly in high Cd concentration (200 µM), while MI decreased. The results suggest that exposure of high Cd concentrations is cytotoxic as well as genotoxic for Vicia faba L. and also suggest that the 2 phenomena are related.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
SOD and CAT activities increased under 50 and 100 µM cadmium.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- 50 and 100 µM Cde0
- Outcome
- activities of SOD and CATe0
- Direction
- Increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased activities of SOD and CAT were observed in plants treated with 50 and 100 µM Cd.”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
APX activity increased under 50 µM cadmium.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- 50 µM Cde0
- Outcome
- APX activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“APX activity increased remarkably with 50 µM Cd”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
GR activity showed no significant changes in any treatment group.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- treatment groupse0
- Outcome
- GR activitye0
- Direction
- no significant changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant changes were found in GR activity in any of the treatment groups”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activity changes correlated negatively with lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These changes in antioxidant enzyme activities were negatively correlated with lipid peroxidation.”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide levels correlated positively with cadmium concentration.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Cd concentratione0
- Outcome
- H2O2 levelse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a positive correlation between the increase of H2O2 levels and Cd concentration occurred with all levels of Cd”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA increased significantly only at 200 µM cadmium.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- 200 µMe0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) levele0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was only observed at the highest (200 µM) Cd concentration.”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sister chromatid exchanges increased significantly at 200 µM cadmium.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- high Cd concentration (200 µM)e0
- Outcome
- SCEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SCE increased significantly in high Cd concentration (200 µM), while MI decreased.”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mitotic index decreased at high cadmium concentration.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
- Treatment
- high Cd concentration (200 µM)e0
- Outcome
- MIe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SCE increased significantly in high Cd concentration (200 µM), while MI decreased.”
t0“Vicia faba L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpret high cadmium exposure as both cytotoxic and genotoxic, with related phenomena.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba L.Vicia fabae0
- Treatment
- high Cd concentrationse0
- Outcome
- cytotoxic as well as genotoxice0
- Qualifier
- the 2 phenomena are relatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure of high Cd concentrations is cytotoxic as well as genotoxic for Vicia faba L. and also suggest that the 2 phenomena are related.”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
cadmium atom · cytology · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.