Abstract
Core Ideas Long‐term sorghum and soybean response to tillage and N on claypan soil is limited. Long‐term sorghum yields are often substantially less with no‐till on a claypan soil. Subsurface N may result in greater sorghum yield than with surface applications. Anhydrous NH 3 applications to sorghum may partially ameliorate the no‐till yield penalty. Long‐term soybean yields are little affected by tillage on a claypan soil. Crops grown without tillage on claypan soils in the eastern Great Plains often yield less than with tillage, especially cereals that require careful management regarding N fertilization. The objective of this 20‐year study was to determine the response of grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in rotation to tillage and N fertilization on a claypan soil in southeastern Kansas. Sorghum was affected by tillage, N fertilization, or their interaction, except in the first year. Sorghum yields averaged 22% lower, and were never greater, with no‐till than with conventional or reduced tillage. Nitrogen fertilization increased sorghum yield, largely because of the greater number of kernels per head. Yields with application of anhydrous NH 3 averaged 12% more than with surface‐applied N sources. Yield in half of the crop years was affected by tillage × N fertilizer interactions, and the long‐term interaction suggests that in the lower‐yielding no‐till system, the response to anhydrous NH 3 may be greater than in tilled systems. Soybean yield was little affected by tillage, the residual effect from N treatments, or their interaction. In 1986, conventional tillage resulted in greater yield than with no‐till, but the reverse was true in 2002, and there was no difference in yield among tillage systems in the other 8 years. Thus, the potential yield penalty for growing grain sorghum in a no‐till system may be partially ameliorated by subsurface anhydrous NH 3 fertilization; however, tillage selection or N treatment residual may have little effect on long‐term soybean production on this claypan soil.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum yield averaged 22% lower under no till than under conventional or reduced tillage.
- Treatment
- no‐tille0
- Outcome
- Sorghum yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- conventional or reduced tillagee0
- Setting
- southeastern Kansase1
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum yields averaged 22% lower, and were never greater, with no‐till than with conventional or reduced tillage.”
e1“in southeastern Kansas”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased sorghum yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization increased sorghum yield, largely because of the greater number of kernels per head.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased kernels per head.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization increased sorghum yield, largely because of the greater number of kernels per head.”
Claim · model-written summary
Anhydrous ammonia yielded 12% more than surface applied nitrogen.
- Treatment
- application of anhydrous NH 3e0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Comparator
- surface‐applied N sourcese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields with application of anhydrous NH 3 averaged 12% more than with surface‐applied N sources.”
e1“The objective of this 20‐year study was to determine the response of grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in rotation to tillage and N fertilization on a claypan soil in southeastern Kansas.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage and nitrogen fertilizer interacted on yield in half of crop years.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield in half of the crop years was affected by tillage × N fertilizer interactions”
e1“The objective of this 20‐year study was to determine the response of grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in rotation to tillage and N fertilization on a claypan soil in southeastern Kansas.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was little affected by tillage, residual nitrogen, or their interaction.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- little affectede0
- Qualifier
- the residual effect from N treatments, or their interactione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was little affected by tillage, the residual effect from N treatments, or their interaction.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage produced greater soybean yield than no till in 1986.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 1986e0
- Comparator
- no‐tille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1986, conventional tillage resulted in greater yield than with no‐till”
e1“The objective of this 20‐year study was to determine the response of grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in rotation to tillage and N fertilization on a claypan soil in southeastern Kansas.”
Claim · model-written summary
No till produced greater soybean yield than conventional tillage in 2002.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- no‐tille0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Qualifier
- 2002e0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1986, conventional tillage resulted in greater yield than with no‐till, but the reverse was true in 2002”
e1“The objective of this 20‐year study was to determine the response of grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in rotation to tillage and N fertilization on a claypan soil in southeastern Kansas.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yields did not differ among tillage systems in the other eight years.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Value
- 8 yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no difference in yield among tillage systems in the other 8 years.”
e1“The objective of this 20‐year study was to determine the response of grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in rotation to tillage and N fertilization on a claypan soil in southeastern Kansas.”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsurface anhydrous ammonia may partly ameliorate the sorghum yield penalty under no till.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolore0 - Outcome
- may be partially ameliorated by subsurface anhydrous NH 3 fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the potential yield penalty for growing grain sorghum in a no‐till system may be partially ameliorated by subsurface anhydrous NH 3 fertilization”
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tillage · yield · SorghumResults differ
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- positive
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263 papers in the same direction as this paper · 100 in the opposite direction · 26 reporting no difference from an alternative
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- positive
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See all 390 papers →fertilization · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results
417 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
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See all 446 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.