Abstract
Cold-induced sweetening (CIS) in potato is detrimental to the quality of processed products. Conversion of starch to reducing sugars (RS) by amylases is considered one of the main pathways in CIS but is not well studied. The amylase genes StAmy23, StBAM1, and StBAM9 were studied for their functions in potato CIS. StAmy23 is localized in the cytoplasm, whereas StBAM1 and StBAM9 are targeted to the plastid stroma and starch granules, respectively. Genetic transformation of these amylases in potatoes by RNA interference showed that β-amylase activity could be decreased in cold-stored tubers by silencing of StBAM1 and collective silencing of StBAM1 and StBAM9. However, StBAM9 silencing did not decrease β-amylase activity. Silencing StBAM1 and StBAM9 caused starch accumulation and lower RS, which was more evident in simultaneously silenced lines, suggesting functional redundancy. Soluble starch content increased in RNAi-StBAM1 lines but decreased in RNAi-StBAM9 lines, suggesting that StBAM1 may regulate CIS by hydrolysing soluble starch and StBAM9 by directly acting on starch granules. Moreover, StBAM9 interacted with StBAM1 on the starch granules. StAmy23 silencing resulted in higher phytoglycogen and lower RS accumulation in cold-stored tubers, implying that StAmy23 regulates CIS by degrading cytosolic phytoglycogen. Our findings suggest that StAmy23, StBAM1, and StBAM9 function in potato CIS with varying levels of impact.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
StAmy23 is localized in the cytoplasm of potato cells.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Gene
- StAmy23e1
- Outcome
- localizede1
- Qualifier
- cytoplasme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e1“StAmy23 is localized in the cytoplasm”
Claim · model-written summary
StBAM1 is targeted to the plastid stroma.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Gene
- StBAM1e2
- Outcome
- targetede2
- Qualifier
- plastid stromae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e2“whereas StBAM1 and StBAM9 are targeted to the plastid stroma and starch granules, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
StBAM9 is targeted to starch granules.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Gene
- StBAM9e2
- Outcome
- targetede2
- Qualifier
- starch granulese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e2“whereas StBAM1 and StBAM9 are targeted to the plastid stroma and starch granules, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing StBAM1 decreased β-amylase activity in cold-stored potato tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- silencing of StBAM1e3
- Gene
- StBAM1e3
- Outcome
- β-amylase activitye3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- cold-stored tuberse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e3“β-amylase activity could be decreased in cold-stored tubers by silencing of StBAM1 and collective silencing of StBAM1 and StBAM9”
Claim · model-written summary
Collective silencing of StBAM1 and StBAM9 decreased β-amylase activity in cold-stored potato tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- collective silencing of StBAM1 and StBAM9e3
- Gene
- StBAM9e3
- Outcome
- β-amylase activitye3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- cold-stored tuberse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e3“β-amylase activity could be decreased in cold-stored tubers by silencing of StBAM1 and collective silencing of StBAM1 and StBAM9”
Claim · model-written summary
StBAM9 silencing did not decrease β-amylase activity.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- StBAM9 silencinge4
- Gene
- StBAM9e4
- Outcome
- β-amylase activitye4
- Direction
- did not decreasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e4“However, StBAM9 silencing did not decrease β-amylase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing StBAM1 and StBAM9 caused starch accumulation in potato tubers, more evident in simultaneously silenced lines.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Silencing StBAM1 and StBAM9e5
- Outcome
- starch accumulatione5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Qualifier
- more evident in simultaneously silenced linese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e5“Silencing StBAM1 and StBAM9 caused starch accumulation and lower RS, which was more evident in simultaneously silenced lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing StBAM1 and StBAM9 lowered reducing sugars (RS) in potato tubers, more evident in simultaneously silenced lines.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Silencing StBAM1 and StBAM9e5
- Outcome
- RSe5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Qualifier
- more evident in simultaneously silenced linese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e5“Silencing StBAM1 and StBAM9 caused starch accumulation and lower RS, which was more evident in simultaneously silenced lines”
Claim · model-written summary
RNAi-StBAM1 lines had increased soluble starch content.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RNAi-StBAM1e6
- Gene
- StBAM1e6
- Outcome
- Soluble starch contente6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e6“Soluble starch content increased in RNAi-StBAM1 lines but decreased in RNAi-StBAM9 lines”
Claim · model-written summary
RNAi-StBAM9 lines had decreased soluble starch content.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RNAi-StBAM9e6
- Gene
- StBAM9e6
- Outcome
- Soluble starch contente6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e6“Soluble starch content increased in RNAi-StBAM1 lines but decreased in RNAi-StBAM9 lines”
Claim · model-written summary
StBAM9 interacted with StBAM1 on starch granules.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Gene
- StBAM9e7
- Outcome
- interacted with StBAM1e7
- Qualifier
- on the starch granulese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e7“Moreover, StBAM9 interacted with StBAM1 on the starch granules”
Claim · model-written summary
StAmy23 silencing resulted in higher phytoglycogen in cold-stored potato tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- StAmy23 silencinge0
- Gene
- StAmy23e0
- Outcome
- phytoglycogene0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- cold-stored tuberse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e0“StAmy23 silencing resulted in higher phytoglycogen and lower RS accumulation in cold-stored tubers”
Claim · model-written summary
StAmy23 silencing lowered RS accumulation in cold-stored potato tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- StAmy23 silencinge0
- Gene
- StAmy23e0
- Outcome
- RS accumulatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- cold-stored tuberse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Amylases StAmy23, StBAM1 and StBAM9 regulate cold-induced sweetening of potato tubers in distinct ways”
e0“StAmy23 silencing resulted in higher phytoglycogen and lower RS accumulation in cold-stored tubers”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · quality: sugar starch · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.