Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 2013 and 2014, at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Main aim was to study the effect of intercropping sugar beet with wheat, barley, and faba bean on the yield and some quality attributes of sugar beet and the used companion crops. In addition, to examine the effectiveness of intercropping using the new index – dry matter equivalent ratio (DMER) - in comparison to the traditional land equivalent ratio (LER) that was also investigated. The field trials were laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The three companion crop (wheat, barley, and faba bean) percentages (50, 75, and 100%) were tested in the main plots, while the sub plots were assigned to testing the variations among the seven intercropping patterns. Results revealed that the leaf area (m2), root yield (ton ha-1), harvest index and sugar yield (ton ha-1) of sugar beet were significantly affected by the interaction between the companion crop species and percentage in both seasons. Pure stands of sugar beet were superior in the four traits (leaf area, root yield, harvest index and sugar yield) followed by sugar beet intercropped with the lowest companion crops percentage. Intercropping with cereals (wheat and barley) resulted in slightly better values for these traits than intercropping with faba bean. Grain yields of wheat and barley and seed yield of faba bean reached the maximum in the pure stands and reduced by reducing the intercropping percentages of the three companion crops. On the contrary, number of pods and 100-seed weight of faba bean followed an opposite trend and reduced by increasing the intercropping percentages. Values of LER were greater than 1.00 in any intercropping system of sugar beet with wheat, barley, and faba bean, indicating an advantage of the intercropping patterns for land usage and yield gain. However, when determining the yield gain in terms of DMER, it was found that only in case of intercropping sugar beet with wheat there was a yield gain (DMER > 1). On the other hand, when intercropping sugar beet with barley and faba bean, there was loss in the overall produced yield (DMER < 1), indicating a severe competition between the sugar beet and the two companion crops. The DMER provided more realistic idea about the effect of intercropping, compared to the LER.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Companion crop identity and proportion significantly affected sugar beet leaf area, root yield, and harvest index in both seasons.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Treatment
- interaction between the companion crop species and percentagee0
- Outcome
- leaf area (m2), root yield (ton ha-1), harvest indexe0
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf area (m2), root yield (ton ha-1), harvest index and sugar yield (ton ha-1) of sugar beet were significantly affected by the interaction between the companion crop species and percentage in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Companion crop identity and proportion significantly affected sugar beet sugar yield in both seasons.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- interaction between the companion crop species and percentagee0
- Outcome
- sugar yield (ton ha-1)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sugar yield (ton ha-1) of sugar beet were significantly affected by the interaction between the companion crop species and percentage in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure sugar beet stands ranked highest for leaf area, root yield, harvest index, and sugar yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Pure standse0
- Outcome
- leaf area, root yield, harvest indexe0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- sugar beet intercropped with the lowest companion crops percentagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pure stands of sugar beet were superior in the four traits (leaf area, root yield, harvest index and sugar yield) followed by sugar beet intercropped with the lowest companion crops percentage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure sugar beet stands ranked highest for sugar yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Pure standse0
- Outcome
- sugar yielde0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- sugar beet intercropped with the lowest companion crops percentagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pure stands of sugar beet were superior in the four traits (leaf area, root yield, harvest index and sugar yield) followed by sugar beet intercropped with the lowest companion crops percentage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping sugar beet with wheat gave slightly better sugar beet traits than intercropping with faba bean.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- wheate0
- Outcome
- better values for these traitse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- faba beane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping with cereals (wheat and barley) resulted in slightly better values for these traits than intercropping with faba bean.”
e1“sugar beet were superior in the four traits (leaf area, root yield, harvest index and sugar yield)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping sugar beet with barley gave slightly better sugar beet traits than intercropping with faba bean.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- barleye0
- Outcome
- better values for these traitse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- faba beane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping with cereals (wheat and barley) resulted in slightly better values for these traits than intercropping with faba bean.”
e1“sugar beet were superior in the four traits (leaf area, root yield, harvest index and sugar yield)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield was maximal in pure stands and declined as intercropping percentage fell.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- reducing the intercropping percentagese0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- pure standse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of wheat and barley and seed yield of faba bean reached the maximum in the pure stands and reduced by reducing the intercropping percentages of the three companion crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley grain yield was maximal in pure stands and declined as intercropping percentage fell.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- reducing the intercropping percentagese0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- pure standse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of wheat and barley and seed yield of faba bean reached the maximum in the pure stands and reduced by reducing the intercropping percentages of the three companion crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean seed yield was maximal in pure stands and declined as intercropping percentage fell.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabae0 - Treatment
- reducing the intercropping percentagese0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- pure standse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields of wheat and barley and seed yield of faba bean reached the maximum in the pure stands and reduced by reducing the intercropping percentages of the three companion crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean pod number and 100-seed weight declined as intercropping percentage increased.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- increasing the intercropping percentagese0
- Outcome
- number of pods and 100-seed weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of pods and 100-seed weight of faba bean followed an opposite trend and reduced by increasing the intercropping percentages.”
Claim · model-written summary
LER exceeded 1.00 for sugar beet intercropped with wheat.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- wheate0
- Outcome
- LERe0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 1.00e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of LER were greater than 1.00 in any intercropping system of sugar beet with wheat, barley, and faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
LER exceeded 1.00 for sugar beet intercropped with barley.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- barleye0
- Outcome
- LERe0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 1.00e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of LER were greater than 1.00 in any intercropping system of sugar beet with wheat, barley, and faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
LER exceeded 1.00 for sugar beet intercropped with faba bean.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- faba beane0
- Outcome
- LERe0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 1.00e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of LER were greater than 1.00 in any intercropping system of sugar beet with wheat, barley, and faba bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar beet with wheat had a DMER yield gain above one.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- wheate0
- Outcome
- yield gaine0
- Direction
- gaine0
- Value
- DMER > 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only in case of intercropping sugar beet with wheat there was a yield gain (DMER > 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar beet with barley had a DMER yield loss below one.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- barleye0
- Outcome
- overall produced yielde0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- DMER < 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when intercropping sugar beet with barley and faba bean, there was loss in the overall produced yield (DMER < 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar beet with faba bean had a DMER yield loss below one.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- faba beane0
- Outcome
- overall produced yielde0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- DMER < 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when intercropping sugar beet with barley and faba bean, there was loss in the overall produced yield (DMER < 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
DMER gave a more realistic assessment of intercropping effects than LER.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- more realistic idea about the effect of intercroppinge0
- Direction
- more realistice0
- Comparator
- LERe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DMER provided more realistic idea about the effect of intercropping, compared to the LER.”
t0“sugar beet”
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See all 73 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.