Abstract
Different irrigation levels corresponding to 30, 60 and 100% of estimated ETc were applied to a 'Gala' apple orchard from 50 days after full bloom (DAFB) until harvest. Treatments were applied both to trees in full light conditions and under a white 50% shading net. Fruit diameter variations were continuously monitored on 6 trees per treatment from 64 to 112 DAFB, using automatic fruit gauges connected to a wireless data-logger system. During this period, midday stem water potential (Ψstem) was determined weekly. Due to frequent rainfall the irrigation treatments affected tree water status only occasionally. Fruit growth-related parameters such as fruit shrinkage and fruit net daily growth were affected by irrigation and shading treatments mainly during the first period of measurements, when fruit had a higher surface conductance and xylem functionality. Shading and high water availability tended to increase fruit daily growth which was linearly related to midday Ψstem. Later in the season, fruit stopped shrinking during the day, while their daily growth showed a curvilinear relation with midday Ψstem. Due to the small range of Ψstem obtained within the trial, slight or no relationships were found between the other fruit-related parameters (fruit shrinkage; maximum and minimum hourly growth rates) and tree water status. These results suggest how monitoring fruit growth could potentially be used for the early detection of drought stress in decision support systems aimed at optimizing irrigation scheduling.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation treatments affected apple tree water status only occasionally because of frequent rain.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- tree water statuse0
- Qualifier
- Due to frequent rainfalle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Due to frequent rainfall the irrigation treatments affected tree water status only occasionally”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation affected apple fruit shrinkage and net daily growth mainly early in monitoring.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- fruit shrinkage and fruit net daily growthe0
- Qualifier
- mainly during the first period of measurementse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit growth-related parameters such as fruit shrinkage and fruit net daily growth were affected by irrigation and shading treatments mainly during the first period of measurements”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading affected apple fruit shrinkage and net daily growth mainly early in monitoring.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- shading treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit shrinkage and fruit net daily growthe0
- Qualifier
- mainly during the first period of measurementse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit growth-related parameters such as fruit shrinkage and fruit net daily growth were affected by irrigation and shading treatments mainly during the first period of measurements”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading tended to increase apple fruit daily growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Shadinge0
- Outcome
- fruit daily growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading and high water availability tended to increase fruit daily growth”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
High water availability tended to increase apple fruit daily growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- high water availabilitye0
- Outcome
- fruit daily growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading and high water availability tended to increase fruit daily growth”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple fruit daily growth was linearly related to midday stem water potential early in monitoring.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- fruit daily growthe0
- Comparator
- midday Ψsteme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit daily growth which was linearly related to midday Ψstem”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Later in the season apple fruit stopped shrinking during the day.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- fruit stopped shrinking during the daye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Later in the season, fruit stopped shrinking during the day”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Later in the season apple fruit daily growth had a curvilinear relation with midday stem water potential.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- daily growthe0
- Comparator
- midday Ψsteme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their daily growth showed a curvilinear relation with midday Ψstem”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple fruit shrinkage had slight or no relation to tree water status across the narrow observed water potential range.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- fruit shrinkagee0
- Direction
- slight or no relationshipse0
- Comparator
- tree water statuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“slight or no relationships were found between the other fruit-related parameters (fruit shrinkage; maximum and minimum hourly growth rates) and tree water status”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple fruit maximum and minimum hourly growth rates had slight or no relation to tree water status.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- maximum and minimum hourly growth ratese0
- Direction
- slight or no relationshipse0
- Comparator
- tree water statuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“slight or no relationships were found between the other fruit-related parameters (fruit shrinkage; maximum and minimum hourly growth rates) and tree water status”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest fruit growth monitoring for early drought detection in irrigation scheduling.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- monitoring fruit growth could potentially be used for the early detection of drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“monitoring fruit growth could potentially be used for the early detection of drought stress in decision support systems aimed at optimizing irrigation scheduling”
t0“apple”
The same questions in other papers
shade · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
16 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →soil water · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.