Abstract
The present study was conducted to explore the process of watersoaking seen previously in beit alpha-type cucumber fruit treated with ethylene. Fruit were harvested at four levels of maturity: Immature (4 to 8 days after anthesis, DAA), Mature (10 to 14 DAA), Breaker (16 to 20 DAA), and Yellow (35 to 40 DAA). Fruit were then stored at 13 °C in the presence of air (control) or either 10 μL·L -1 ethylene or 1300 μL·L -1 propylene for up to 12 days. The physiological response to ethylene treatment varied with fruit maturity. Immature-stage fruit treated with ethylene for 9 days had mesocarp watersoaking, epidermal sloughing, and lower hue (118°, control 124°), endocarp pH (4.4, control 5.4), and whole fruit firmness (23 N, control 46 N). Mature-stage fruit behaved similarly to Immature-stage fruit, but lacked mesocarp watersoaking. In contrast, after 9 days of ethylene exposure, the Breaker- and Yellow-stage fruit exhibited no watersoaking, accumulated beta-carotene in peel tissue (13.6 μg·g -1 F.W, control 0.35 μg·g -1 F.W.) and had a “melon”-like aroma. Ethylene exposure for all maturities increased respiration rate and decay incidence compared to air-treated fruit. Ethylene evolution was only detectable in fruit with visible decay. Decay incidence in response to ethylene treatment was inversely proportional to maturity at harvest. Watersoaking, exhibited exclusively in Immature fruit, spread inward from the epidermis starting after about 6 days of ethylene treatment. Cells in watersoaked tissue stained negatively for viability with fluorescein diacetate and cells proximal to watersoaked cells stained weakly compared to air-treated controls. Current work is focused on identifying the mechanism of cell death.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Immature fruit developed mesocarp watersoaking after nine days of ethylene.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Organ / stage
- Immature-stage fruite0
- Treatment
- ethylene for 9 dayse0
- Outcome
- mesocarp watersoakinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immature-stage fruit treated with ethylene for 9 days had mesocarp watersoaking”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Immature fruit developed epidermal sloughing after nine days of ethylene.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- Immature-stage fruite0
- Treatment
- ethylene for 9 dayse0
- Outcome
- epidermal sloughinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immature-stage fruit treated with ethylene for 9 days had mesocarp watersoaking, epidermal sloughing”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Immature fruit hue fell to 118° compared with 124° in controls.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- Immature-stage fruite0
- Treatment
- ethylene for 9 dayse0
- Outcome
- huee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 118°e0
- Qualifier
- 124°e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immature-stage fruit treated with ethylene for 9 days had mesocarp watersoaking, epidermal sloughing, and lower hue (118°, control 124°)”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Immature fruit endocarp pH fell to 4.4 compared with 5.4 in controls.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- endocarpe0
- Treatment
- ethylenee1
- Outcome
- endocarp pHe0
- Value
- 4.4e0
- Qualifier
- 5.4e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower hue (118°, control 124°), endocarp pH (4.4, control 5.4)”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
e1“Immature-stage fruit treated with ethylene for 9 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Immature fruit firmness fell to 23 N compared with 46 N in controls.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- whole fruite0
- Treatment
- ethylenee1
- Outcome
- whole fruit firmnesse0
- Value
- 23 Ne0
- Qualifier
- 46 Ne0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whole fruit firmness (23 N, control 46 N)”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
e1“Immature-stage fruit treated with ethylene for 9 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature fruit responded similarly but lacked mesocarp watersoaking.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- Mature-stage fruite0
- Outcome
- lacked mesocarp watersoakinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature-stage fruit behaved similarly to Immature-stage fruit, but lacked mesocarp watersoaking”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Breaker and Yellow stage fruit showed no watersoaking after ethylene exposure.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- Breaker- and Yellow-stage fruite0
- Treatment
- ethylene exposuree0
- Outcome
- no watersoakinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 9 days of ethylene exposure, the Breaker- and Yellow-stage fruit exhibited no watersoaking”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Breaker and Yellow fruit peel accumulated beta-carotene to 13.6 μg·g -1 F.W compared with 0.35 in controls.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- peel tissuee0
- Treatment
- ethylene exposuree1
- Outcome
- beta-carotene in peel tissuee0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Value
- 13.6 μg·g -1 F.We0
- Qualifier
- 0.35 μg·g -1 F.W.e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accumulated beta-carotene in peel tissue (13.6 μg·g -1 F.W, control 0.35 μg·g -1 F.W.)”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
e1“after 9 days of ethylene exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Breaker and Yellow fruit acquired a melon-like aroma after ethylene exposure.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ethylene exposuree1
- Outcome
- “melon”-like aromae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had a “melon”-like aroma”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
e1“after 9 days of ethylene exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene increased respiration rate at all maturities compared with air.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Ethylene exposuree0
- Outcome
- respiration ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- all maturitiese0
- Comparator
- air-treated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene exposure for all maturities increased respiration rate and decay incidence compared to air-treated fruit”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene increased decay incidence at all maturities compared with air.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Ethylene exposuree0
- Outcome
- decay incidencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- all maturitiese0
- Comparator
- air-treated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene exposure for all maturities increased respiration rate and decay incidence compared to air-treated fruit”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene evolution was detectable only in fruit with visible decay.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- Ethylene evolutione0
- Qualifier
- only detectable in fruit with visible decaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene evolution was only detectable in fruit with visible decay”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene associated decay incidence declined with higher harvest maturity.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- maturity at harveste0
- Treatment
- ethylene treatmente0
- Outcome
- Decay incidencee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decay incidence in response to ethylene treatment was inversely proportional to maturity at harvest”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Watersoaking in immature fruit spread inward from the epidermis after about six days of ethylene.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- Immature fruite0
- Treatment
- ethylene treatmente0
- Outcome
- Watersoakinge0
- Qualifier
- starting after about 6 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Watersoaking, exhibited exclusively in Immature fruit, spread inward from the epidermis starting after about 6 days of ethylene treatment”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Watersoaked cells stained negative for viability.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- watersoaked tissuee0
- Outcome
- stained negatively for viabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cells in watersoaked tissue stained negatively for viability with fluorescein diacetate”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Cells near watersoaked cells stained weakly compared with air controls.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- cells proximal to watersoaked cellse0
- Outcome
- stained weaklye0
- Comparator
- air-treated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cells proximal to watersoaked cells stained weakly compared to air-treated controls”
t0“Beit-alpha Cucumber Fruit”
The same questions in other papers
ethene · molecular: metabolites · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
ethene · quality: postharvest · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
ethene · disease · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.