Abstract
Tomato production is not common during main rainy season, especially in sub-humid climatic conditions like in Bahir Dar. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the production potential of tomato using rainshelter and management practices during the 2013 rainy season (June-October) in Bahir Dar. The experimental treatments were laid down in split-plot-design at three replications, where with and without plastic rain-shelter were assigned as main plots and management practices (fungicide and stalking) as sub-plots. The results revealed that tomatoes grown in protected structure were significantly (P<0.01) longer (100.5 cm), had more branches (8.9) and flowered earlier (49.1 days) than those grown under open field condition with the mean values of 50.9 cm, 6.3 and 54 days, respectively. Incidence and severity of late blight and yield of tomatoes were also influenced significantly by growth conditions, management practices and their interactions. Tomatoes grown under rain-shelter structure produced significantly higher total fruit yield (31.3 t ha-1) and exhibited low disease incidence (16.7%) and severity indexes (26.7%) on leaves and as well as on fruits with the mean values of 22.4% and 37.9%, respectively. Similarly, sprayed and staked tomatoes produced the highest marketable (35.2 t ha-1) and total (41.8 t ha-1) fruit yields and exhibited significantly lower late blight incidence and severity. In rainshelter structure, the management practices had similar effects on both disease and yield parameters, where higher yield and lower late blight incidence and severity were generally observed. In open field condition, however, only sprayed and staked tomatoes exhibited lower late blight incidence (23.3%) and severity (24%) on leaves and fruits with the mean values of 39% and 40%, respectively. The highest marketable yield (36.4 t ha-1) obtained from such tomatoes in open field condition was statistically similar with the yield obtained from the corresponding treatment in rain-shelter structure (34.1 t ha-1). Generally, the present findings showed that rain-shelter technology reduced incidence of late blight and thus it can be used as alternative technology for the production of tomato during the rainy season in and around Bahir Dar. Moreover, tomato can also be produced in open field using improved management practices such as staking and spraying with appropriate fungicides against late blight and similar diseases. Further research is required to select tomato varieties suitable for rainshelter technology as well as to optimize frequency of pesticide applications as their application may have residual effect on fresh vegetables like tomato.Keywords: Disease incidence, growth condition, late blight, rain-shelter, Ridomil, staking
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Protected tomatoes had longer than open field tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- protected structuree0
- Outcome
- longere0
- Direction
- longere0
- Value
- 100.5 cme0
- Comparator
- open field conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that tomatoes grown in protected structure were significantly (P<0.01) longer (100.5 cm), had more branches (8.9) and flowered earlier (49.1 days) than those grown under open field condition with the mean values of 50.9 cm, 6.3 and 54 days, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Protected tomatoes had more branches than open field tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- protected structuree0
- Outcome
- more branchese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 8.9e0
- Comparator
- open field conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that tomatoes grown in protected structure were significantly (P<0.01) longer (100.5 cm), had more branches (8.9) and flowered earlier (49.1 days) than those grown under open field condition with the mean values of 50.9 cm, 6.3 and 54 days, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Protected tomatoes had flowered earlier than open field tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- protected structuree0
- Outcome
- flowered earliere0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- 49.1 dayse0
- Comparator
- open field conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that tomatoes grown in protected structure were significantly (P<0.01) longer (100.5 cm), had more branches (8.9) and flowered earlier (49.1 days) than those grown under open field condition with the mean values of 50.9 cm, 6.3 and 54 days, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain shelter tomatoes had higher total fruit yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- rain-shelter structuree0
- Outcome
- total fruit yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 31.3 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomatoes grown under rain-shelter structure produced significantly higher total fruit yield (31.3 t ha-1) and exhibited low disease incidence (16.7%) and severity indexes (26.7%) on leaves and as well as on fruits with the mean values of 22.4% and 37.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain shelter tomatoes had low disease incidence.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- rain-shelter structuree0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- 16.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomatoes grown under rain-shelter structure produced significantly higher total fruit yield (31.3 t ha-1) and exhibited low disease incidence (16.7%) and severity indexes (26.7%) on leaves and as well as on fruits with the mean values of 22.4% and 37.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain shelter tomatoes had low severity indexes.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- rain-shelter structuree0
- Outcome
- severity indexese0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- 26.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomatoes grown under rain-shelter structure produced significantly higher total fruit yield (31.3 t ha-1) and exhibited low disease incidence (16.7%) and severity indexes (26.7%) on leaves and as well as on fruits with the mean values of 22.4% and 37.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain shelter tomatoes had low fruits.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- rain-shelter structuree0
- Outcome
- fruitse0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- 22.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomatoes grown under rain-shelter structure produced significantly higher total fruit yield (31.3 t ha-1) and exhibited low disease incidence (16.7%) and severity indexes (26.7%) on leaves and as well as on fruits with the mean values of 22.4% and 37.9%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed and staked tomatoes had highest marketable fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- sprayed and stakede0
- Outcome
- marketablee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 35.2 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, sprayed and staked tomatoes produced the highest marketable (35.2 t ha-1) and total (41.8 t ha-1) fruit yields and exhibited significantly lower late blight incidence and severity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed and staked tomatoes had highest total fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- sprayed and stakede0
- Outcome
- totale0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 41.8 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, sprayed and staked tomatoes produced the highest marketable (35.2 t ha-1) and total (41.8 t ha-1) fruit yields and exhibited significantly lower late blight incidence and severity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed and staked tomatoes had lower late blight incidence.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- sprayed and stakede0
- Outcome
- late blight incidencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, sprayed and staked tomatoes produced the highest marketable (35.2 t ha-1) and total (41.8 t ha-1) fruit yields and exhibited significantly lower late blight incidence and severity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed and staked tomatoes had lower severity.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- sprayed and stakede0
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, sprayed and staked tomatoes produced the highest marketable (35.2 t ha-1) and total (41.8 t ha-1) fruit yields and exhibited significantly lower late blight incidence and severity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under rain shelter, management practices had similar disease and yield effects.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In rainshelter structure, the management practices had similar effects on both disease and yield parameters, where higher yield and lower late blight incidence and severity were generally observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Open field sprayed and staked tomatoes had lower late blight incidence.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- sprayed and stakede0
- Outcome
- late blight incidencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 23.3%e0
- Setting
- open field conditione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In open field condition, however, only sprayed and staked tomatoes exhibited lower late blight incidence (23.3%) and severity (24%) on leaves and fruits with the mean values of 39% and 40%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Open field sprayed and staked tomatoes had lower severity.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- sprayed and stakede0
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Setting
- open field conditione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In open field condition, however, only sprayed and staked tomatoes exhibited lower late blight incidence (23.3%) and severity (24%) on leaves and fruits with the mean values of 39% and 40%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Open field sprayed and staked tomato marketable yield was statistically similar to rain shelter treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- marketable yielde0
- Direction
- statistically similare0
- Value
- 36.4 t ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 34.1 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- corresponding treatment in rain-shelter structuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest marketable yield (36.4 t ha-1) obtained from such tomatoes in open field condition was statistically similar with the yield obtained from the corresponding treatment in rain-shelter structure (34.1 t ha-1).”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend rain shelter for rainy season tomato production near Bahir Dar.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- alternative technology for the production of tomato during the rainy seasone0
- Setting
- Bahir Dare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, the present findings showed that rain-shelter technology reduced incidence of late blight and thus it can be used as alternative technology for the production of tomato during the rainy season in and around Bahir Dar.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend staking and fungicide spraying for open field tomato production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- staking and spraying with appropriate fungicidese0
- Outcome
- produced in open field using improved management practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, tomato can also be produced in open field using improved management practices such as staking and spraying with appropriate fungicides against late blight and similar diseases.”
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