Abstract
Abstract From the winter of 1969–70 to the summer of 1973, severe yield and quality reductions occurred on field grown tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) in the Kona district on the Island of Hawaii. Symptoms of this mysterious disease included blossom drop, poor fruit set, hollow, small, and almost seedless fruits, and a less luxuriant appearance. A definite atmospheric haze appeared at this time, and was apparently caused by fumes from active and degassing vents located 75 km away and associated with Kilauea Volcano since the volcanic eruption period coincided with the appearance of the haze. Tomato plants under plastic rainshelters grew normally. Since rainwater was suspected of causing the symptoms, it was analyzed and found to be acidic (pH 4.0) and to contain appreciable quantities of Cl − and SO 4 2‐ plus 27 detectable organic compounds in the ppb range. When tomato leaf discs were immersed in rainwater samples, more Ca, Mg, and K were leached from these acidic samples than from less acidic rainwater samples and the distilled water controls. In a pollen germination medium containing rainwater, pollen germination and tube lengths decreased as the pH of the rainwater decreased. However, since increasing the pH of the acidic Kona rainwater with NaOH did not increase pollen germination, factors other than pH are suspected to cause poor pollen germination. The pH of rainwater samples from a single heavy rainfall were less acidic than from cumulative samples of lighter rainfalls.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Field grown tomatoes had severe yield and quality reductions from 1969–70 to 1973.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Outcome
- yield and qualitye0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Setting
- Kona district on the Island of Hawaiie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“severe yield and quality reductions occurred on field grown tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) in the Kona district on the Island of Hawaii”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomatoes showed blossom drop, poor fruit set and small nearly seedless fruits.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- blossom drop, poor fruit set, hollow, small, and almost seedless fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms of this mysterious disease included blossom drop, poor fruit set, hollow, small, and almost seedless fruits, and a less luxuriant appearance”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants under plastic rainshelters grew normally.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- plastic rainshelterse0
- Outcome
- grew normallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato plants under plastic rainshelters grew normally”
Claim · model-written summary
Acidic rainwater leached more Ca, Mg and K from tomato leaf discs than less acidic samples and distilled water.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leaf discse0
- Treatment
- these acidic samplese0
- Outcome
- Ca, Mg, and Ke0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- less acidic rainwater samples and the distilled water controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When tomato leaf discs were immersed in rainwater samples, more Ca, Mg, and K were leached from these acidic samples than from less acidic rainwater samples and the distilled water controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato pollen germination decreased as rainwater pH decreased.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- rainwatere0
- Outcome
- pollen germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a pollen germination medium containing rainwater, pollen germination and tube lengths decreased as the pH of the rainwater decreased”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato pollen tube length decreased as rainwater pH decreased.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- rainwatere0
- Outcome
- tube lengthse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a pollen germination medium containing rainwater, pollen germination and tube lengths decreased as the pH of the rainwater decreased”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising acidic Kona rainwater pH with NaOH did not increase pollen germination.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- increasing the pH of the acidic Kona rainwater with NaOHe0
- Outcome
- pollen germinatione0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Comparator
- acidic Kona rainwatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the pH of the acidic Kona rainwater with NaOH did not increase pollen germination”
t0“Tomatoes”
The same questions in other papers
rainfall · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →ph · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.