Abstract
This review provides an overview of existing literature on the effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation and abscisic acid (ABA) on physiological and biochemical aspects affecting grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.) growth, maturation and their quality for winemaking. The UV-B (280–315 nm) comprises only a small fraction of sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, but has enough energy to cause large photobiological effects on higher plants. The UV-B levels are greater in the tropics than in upper latitudes and also increase with altitude, hence some vineyards are exposed to high UV-B but photoprotection and repair mechanisms are usually sufficient to prevent the occurrence of damage in grapevine tissues. ABA is a phytohormone that, aside to control stomatal aperture, regulates acclimation to adverse environmental conditions, and controls grape berry maturation (non-climacteric). A promotive effect of UV-B on ABA biosynthesis has been found in grapevine leaves. Accumulation of phenols (namely phenolic acids, stilbenes and flavonoids) is an acclimation and protective response against UV-B, either directly by absorbing UV-B in epidermal tissues and/or by reducing its penetration through underlying tissues, or indirectly by scavenging free radicals so acting as antioxidants. High UV-B and ABA applications increase total phenols in grape berries, but those with higher antioxidant capacity (i.e. dihydroxylated anthocyanidins and flavonols like quercetin) are increased relatively more. These treatments also hasten berry sugar and phenol accumulation, but reduce berry growth and sugar per berry at harvest, and therefore decrease yield. The quality of grape berries for winemaking integrates various aspects, but for red wines, it has a high correlation with accumulation of phenolics stimulated by UV-B and ABA.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Grapevine tissue photoprotection and repair usually prevent UV-B damage.
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photoprotection and repair mechanisms are usually sufficient to prevent the occurrence of damage in grapevine tissues.”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B promotes ABA biosynthesis in grapevine leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A promotive effect of UV-B on ABA biosynthesis has been found in grapevine leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenol accumulation is described as a protective response to UV-B.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulation of phenols (namely phenolic acids, stilbenes and flavonoids) is an acclimation and protective response against UV-B”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
High UV-B increases total phenols in grape berries.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High UV-B and ABA applications increase total phenols in grape berries”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA applications increase total phenols in grape berries.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High UV-B and ABA applications increase total phenols in grape berries”
Claim · model-written summary
High UV-B and ABA disproportionately increase high antioxidant phenols.
- Taxon
- grapee0
- Treatment
- High UV-B and ABA applicationse0
- Outcome
- dihydroxylated anthocyanidins and flavonols like quercetine0
- Direction
- increased relatively moree0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High UV-B and ABA applications increase total phenols in grape berries, but those with higher antioxidant capacity (i.e. dihydroxylated anthocyanidins and flavonols like quercetin) are increased relatively more.”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B and ABA hasten berry sugar accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“These treatments also hasten berry sugar and phenol accumulation”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B and ABA hasten berry phenol accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“These treatments also hasten berry sugar and phenol accumulation”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B and ABA reduce berry growth.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“These treatments also hasten berry sugar and phenol accumulation, but reduce berry growth and sugar per berry at harvest, and therefore decrease yield.”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B and ABA reduce sugar per berry at harvest.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“These treatments also hasten berry sugar and phenol accumulation, but reduce berry growth and sugar per berry at harvest, and therefore decrease yield.”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B and ABA decrease yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“These treatments also hasten berry sugar and phenol accumulation, but reduce berry growth and sugar per berry at harvest, and therefore decrease yield.”
t0“grape berry”
Claim · model-written summary
Red winemaking quality correlates highly with phenolics stimulated by UV-B and ABA.
- Taxon
- grape berryt0
- Treatment
- UV-B and ABAe0
- Outcome
- high correlation with accumulation of phenolicse0
- Qualifier
- for red winese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“for red wines, it has a high correlation with accumulation of phenolics stimulated by UV-B and ABA.”
t0“grape berry”
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