Abstract
The increased incidence of the crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens has long been associated with activities of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Pot experiments on tomato were designed to assess plant vitality, nematode reproduction, and crown gall incidence in combined infection with Agrobacterium and Meloidogyne spp. on tomato roots. Results suggest that tomato plants infected with pathogenic A. tumefaciens 2 days before the nematodes show enhanced plant defense against M. ethiopica resulting in lower egg and gall counts on roots 45 and 90 days postinoculation (dpi); no significantly enhanced defense was observed when the plant was inoculated with bacteria and nematodes at the same time. Split-root experiments also showed that the observed interaction was systemic. Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis that targeted several genes under plant hormonal control suggests that the suppression was mediated via systemic acquired resistance by the pathogenesis-related protein 1 and that M. ethiopica did not enhance the defense reaction of tomato against Agrobacterium spp. Nematodes completely inhibited tumor growth in a 45-day experiment if inoculated onto the roots before the pathogenic bacteria. We conclude that the observed antagonism in the tested pathosystem was the result of initially strong plant defense that was later suppressed by the invading pathogen and pest.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants infected with A. tumefaciens 2 days before the nematodes had lower M. ethiopica egg and gall counts on roots 45 and 90 days after inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- pathogenic A. tumefaciens 2 days before the nematodese0
- Interactor
- M. ethiopicaMeloidogyne ethiopicae0pest
- Second interactor
- A. tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciense0pathogen - Outcome
- egg and gall countse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 45 and 90 days postinoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants infected with pathogenic A. tumefaciens 2 days before the nematodes show enhanced plant defense against M. ethiopica resulting in lower egg and gall counts on roots 45 and 90 days postinoculation (dpi)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato inoculated with bacteria and nematodes at the same time showed no significantly enhanced defense.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- bacteria and nematodes at the same timee1
- Outcome
- enhanced defensee1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants infected with pathogenic A. tumefaciens 2 days before the nematodes show enhanced plant defense against M. ethiopica resulting in lower egg and gall counts on roots 45 and 90 days postinoculation (dpi)”
e1“no significantly enhanced defense was observed when the plant was inoculated with bacteria and nematodes at the same time”
Claim · model-written summary
The observed interaction between the pathogen and nematodes was systemic in split-root experiments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- observed interaction was systemice2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants infected with pathogenic A. tumefaciens 2 days before the nematodes show enhanced plant defense against M. ethiopica resulting in lower egg and gall counts on roots 45 and 90 days postinoculation (dpi)”
e2“Split-root experiments also showed that the observed interaction was systemic”
Claim · model-written summary
M. ethiopica did not enhance tomato defense against Agrobacterium spp.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- M. ethiopicae5
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium spp.
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Agrobacteriume5pathogen - Second interactor
- M. ethiopicaMeloidogyne ethiopicae5pest
- Outcome
- defense reactione5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e5“M. ethiopica did not enhance the defense reaction of tomato against Agrobacterium spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematodes inhibited tumor growth in a 45-day experiment when inoculated onto roots before the pathogenic bacteria.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- inoculated onto the roots before the pathogenic bacteriae3
- Interactor
- pathogenic bacteriae3pathogen
- Outcome
- tumor growthe3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
- Qualifier
- in a 45-day experimente3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants infected with pathogenic A. tumefaciens 2 days before the nematodes show enhanced plant defense against M. ethiopica resulting in lower egg and gall counts on roots 45 and 90 days postinoculation (dpi)”
e3“Nematodes completely inhibited tumor growth in a 45-day experiment if inoculated onto the roots before the pathogenic bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic acquired resistance mediated by pathogenesis-related protein 1 is suggested to underlie the suppression of defense.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- pathogenesis-related protein 1e4
- Outcome
- the suppressione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants infected with pathogenic A. tumefaciens 2 days before the nematodes show enhanced plant defense against M. ethiopica resulting in lower egg and gall counts on roots 45 and 90 days postinoculation (dpi)”
e4“the suppression was mediated via systemic acquired resistance by the pathogenesis-related protein 1”
Claim · model-written summary
Observed antagonism is concluded to result from initially strong plant defense later suppressed by the invading pathogen and pest.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- observed antagonisme6
- Qualifier
- initially strong plant defense that was later suppressed by the invading pathogen and peste6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato plants infected with pathogenic A. tumefaciens 2 days before the nematodes show enhanced plant defense against M. ethiopica resulting in lower egg and gall counts on roots 45 and 90 days postinoculation (dpi)”
e6“We conclude that the observed antagonism in the tested pathosystem was the result of initially strong plant defense that was later suppressed by the invading pathogen and pest”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 23 papers →inoculation · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
386 papers in the same direction as this paper · 53 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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- no effect
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See all 441 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.