Abstract
Ethylene production increases dramatically during maturation and ripening of `McIntosh' apples, frequently resulting in preharvest drop and accelerated fruit softening. As harvest approaches, commercial growers must balance the need for color development with minimizing fruit softening and drop. The effects of plant growth regulators and summer pruning on this balance were evaluated in this study. Treatments were applied to trees in the Mid-Hudson in 1995 and 1996 and a subset of growth regulator treatments was applied in the Champlain Valley in 1996. NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) significantly reduced drop on only one sample date in only one of the three trials. Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) at 150 ppm plus 10 ppm NAA, accelerated ripening and permitted harvest before substantial drop occurred, but earlier harvest resulted in smaller fruit size. AVG (aminoethoxy vinyl glycine) at 124 gram a.i./ha, on otherwise untreated trees, significantly delayed drop compared to the controls in two of three trials and resulted in better fruit firmness out of storage. Use of ethephon on AVG-treated trees significantly enhanced red color but also accelerated drop, although drop was reduced compared to ethephon only treatment. Late summer pruning significantly accelerated red color development, drop and ripening in both years. Pruning 16 Aug. 1996 significantly accelerated drop compared to pruning 1 Aug. 1996. Combining AVG application and pruning on 16 Aug. 1996 resulted in improved color without increasing drop compared to controls.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
NAA significantly reduced preharvest drop on only one sample date in only one of three trials.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- NAAe1
- Outcome
- drope1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- on only one sample date in only one of the three trialse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e1“NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) significantly reduced drop on only one sample date in only one of the three trials”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG on otherwise untreated trees significantly delayed drop compared with controls in two of three trials.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- AVG (aminoethoxy vinyl glycine) at 124 gram a.i./hae1
- Outcome
- drope1
- Direction
- delayede1
- Qualifier
- in two of three trialse1
- Comparator
- controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e1“AVG (aminoethoxy vinyl glycine) at 124 gram a.i./ha, on otherwise untreated trees, significantly delayed drop compared to the controls in two of three trials”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG at 124 gram a.i./ha resulted in better fruit firmness out of storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- AVG (aminoethoxy vinyl glycine) at 124 gram a.i./hae1
- Outcome
- fruit firmness out of storagee2
- Direction
- bettere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e1“AVG (aminoethoxy vinyl glycine) at 124 gram a.i./ha, on otherwise untreated trees, significantly delayed drop compared to the controls in two of three trials”
e2“resulted in better fruit firmness out of storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon at 150 ppm plus 10 ppm NAA accelerated ripening and permitted harvest before substantial drop occurred.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) at 150 ppm plus 10 ppm NAAe1
- Outcome
- ripeninge1
- Direction
- acceleratede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e1“Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) at 150 ppm plus 10 ppm NAA, accelerated ripening and permitted harvest before substantial drop occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
Earlier harvest after ethephon treatment resulted in smaller fruit size.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) at 150 ppm plus 10 ppm NAAe1
- Outcome
- fruit sizee2
- Direction
- smallere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e1“Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) at 150 ppm plus 10 ppm NAA, accelerated ripening and permitted harvest before substantial drop occurred”
e2“earlier harvest resulted in smaller fruit size”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon on AVG-treated trees significantly enhanced red color.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- ethephon on AVG-treated treese3
- Outcome
- red colore3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e3“Use of ethephon on AVG-treated trees significantly enhanced red color but also accelerated drop, although drop was reduced compared to ethephon only treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon on AVG-treated trees also significantly accelerated drop.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- ethephon on AVG-treated treese3
- Outcome
- drope3
- Direction
- acceleratede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e3“Use of ethephon on AVG-treated trees significantly enhanced red color but also accelerated drop, although drop was reduced compared to ethephon only treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Drop on AVG-treated trees sprayed with ethephon was reduced compared with ethephon-only treatment.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- ethephon on AVG-treated treese3
- Outcome
- drope3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Comparator
- ethephon only treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e3“Use of ethephon on AVG-treated trees significantly enhanced red color but also accelerated drop, although drop was reduced compared to ethephon only treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Late summer pruning significantly accelerated red color development.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- Late summer pruninge4
- Outcome
- red color developmente4
- Direction
- acceleratede4
- Qualifier
- in both yearse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e4“Late summer pruning significantly accelerated red color development, drop and ripening in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Late summer pruning significantly accelerated drop.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- Late summer pruninge4
- Outcome
- drope4
- Direction
- acceleratede4
- Qualifier
- in both yearse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e4“Late summer pruning significantly accelerated red color development, drop and ripening in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Late summer pruning significantly accelerated ripening.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- Late summer pruninge4
- Outcome
- ripeninge4
- Direction
- acceleratede4
- Qualifier
- in both yearse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e4“Late summer pruning significantly accelerated red color development, drop and ripening in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning on 16 Aug. 1996 significantly accelerated drop compared with pruning on 1 Aug. 1996.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- Pruning 16 Aug. 1996e5
- Outcome
- drope5
- Direction
- acceleratede5
- Comparator
- pruning 1 Aug. 1996e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e5“Pruning 16 Aug. 1996 significantly accelerated drop compared to pruning 1 Aug. 1996”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining AVG application and pruning on 16 Aug. 1996 resulted in improved color compared with controls.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- Combining AVG application and pruning on 16 Aug. 1996e6
- Outcome
- colore6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- controlse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e6“Combining AVG application and pruning on 16 Aug. 1996 resulted in improved color without increasing drop compared to controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining AVG application and pruning on 16 Aug. 1996 did not increase drop compared with controls.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- McIntoshe0
- Treatment
- Combining AVG application and pruning on 16 Aug. 1996e6
- Outcome
- drope6
- Direction
- without increasinge6
- Comparator
- controlse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`McIntosh' apples”
e6“Combining AVG application and pruning on 16 Aug. 1996 resulted in improved color without increasing drop compared to controls”
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7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
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See all 14 papers →pruning · quality: postharvest · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
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See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.