Abstract
Studies were carried out to evaluate the field efficacy of some systemic insecticides and microbial pesticides modules against cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover and tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on tomato (Lycopersicon esculenum Mill.) at the Vegetable Research Farm, PunjabAgricultural University, Ludhiana. Theneed based sprays of different modules i.e., Imidacloprid (Confidor)17.8 SL@ 0.3 ml L−1 in moduleM1, Thiomethoxam (Actara) 25 WG@ 0.4 g L−1 in module M2, Verticillium lecanii (Ecocill)@2.5 kgha−1+Econeem(AzEC) 1%@500 mlha−1inmoduleM3, Profenophos(Carina)50EC@2mlL−1 in moduleM4, Acephate(Asataf)75SP@1.0 gL−1 in module M5 against M6 standard check Malathion 50 EC@1Lha−1 and control (M7) at 10 days interval for aphid, while Spinosad 45% SC @0.5 ml L−1 in module M1 and Profenophos(Carina) 50 EC @1.5Lha−1in moduleM5 at15 days interval, and Bt (Delfin WG) @500gha−1in moduleM2 and Beauveria bassiana (Larvocel) @4g L−1 in moduleM3, NucleoPolyhedroVirus(NPV)@350 LEha−1 in moduleM4 at 10 days interval were evaluated for fruit borer and compared with the standard check (M6) i.e., Profenophos (Carina) 50EC@ 1.5Lha−1and theuntreatedcontrol(M7)at 10 days interval. The pooled data of 3 years revealed that thiamethoxam (Actara) 25 WG and imidacloprid 17.8 SL significantly reduced aphid population (109.99–123.08 aphids/15 leaves) as against other modules (141.85–208.31 aphids/15 leaves), standard check Malathion 50 EC (175.82 aphids/15 leaves) and control (247.75 aphids/15 leaves). Whereas, spinosad 45% SC in module M1 significantly resulted in lower fruit borer infestation (9.68%) than other modules (M2-M5) with 13.73–29.00% fruit infestation, standard check M6 (13.87%) and control M7 (32.66%). Highest marketable fruit yield and economic returns were obtainedin moduleM1viz.imidacloprid17.8 SL+Spinosad 45%SC(259.06qha−1 and Rs.136717/-)over theother modules (86.97–184.41q ha−1and Rs.14535–88094/-, resp.), the standard check module: Malathion 50EC and Profenophos 50EC(149.12 qha−1andRs.62140/-)andcontrol moduleM7
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam and imidacloprid significantly reduced aphid population on tomato to 109.99-123.08 aphids/15 leaves versus 247.75 in the untreated control.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- thiamethoxam (Actara) 25 WG and imidacloprid 17.8 SLe1
- Interactor
- aphide1pest
- Outcome
- aphid populatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 109.99–123.08 aphids/15 leavese1
- Qualifier
- 247.75 aphids/15 leavese1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“thiamethoxam (Actara) 25 WG and imidacloprid 17.8 SL significantly reduced aphid population (109.99–123.08 aphids/15 leaves) as against other modules (141.85–208.31 aphids/15 leaves), standard check Malathion 50 EC (175.82 aphids/15 leaves) and control (247.75 aphids/15 leaves)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam and imidacloprid significantly reduced aphid population on tomato to 109.99-123.08 aphids/15 leaves versus 175.82 under the standard check Malathion 50 EC.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxam (Actara) 25 WG and imidacloprid 17.8 SLe1
- Interactor
- aphide1pest
- Outcome
- aphid populatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 109.99–123.08 aphids/15 leavese1
- Qualifier
- 175.82 aphids/15 leavese1
- Comparator
- standard check Malathion 50 ECe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“thiamethoxam (Actara) 25 WG and imidacloprid 17.8 SL significantly reduced aphid population (109.99–123.08 aphids/15 leaves) as against other modules (141.85–208.31 aphids/15 leaves), standard check Malathion 50 EC (175.82 aphids/15 leaves) and control (247.75 aphids/15 leaves)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam and imidacloprid significantly reduced aphid population on tomato to 109.99-123.08 aphids/15 leaves versus 141.85-208.31 in the other modules.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxam (Actara) 25 WG and imidacloprid 17.8 SLe1
- Interactor
- aphide1pest
- Outcome
- aphid populatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 109.99–123.08 aphids/15 leavese1
- Qualifier
- 141.85–208.31 aphids/15 leavese1
- Comparator
- other modulese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“thiamethoxam (Actara) 25 WG and imidacloprid 17.8 SL significantly reduced aphid population (109.99–123.08 aphids/15 leaves) as against other modules (141.85–208.31 aphids/15 leaves), standard check Malathion 50 EC (175.82 aphids/15 leaves) and control (247.75 aphids/15 leaves)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad in module M1 significantly lowered tomato fruit borer infestation to 9.68% versus 32.66% in the control M7.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- spinosad 45% SC in module M1e1
- Interactor
- fruit borere1pest
- Outcome
- fruit borer infestatione1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 9.68%e1
- Qualifier
- 32.66%e1
- Comparator
- control M7e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“spinosad 45% SC in module M1 significantly resulted in lower fruit borer infestation (9.68%) than other modules (M2-M5) with 13.73–29.00% fruit infestation, standard check M6 (13.87%) and control M7 (32.66%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad in module M1 significantly lowered tomato fruit borer infestation to 9.68% versus 13.87% in the standard check M6.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- spinosad 45% SC in module M1e1
- Interactor
- fruit borere1pest
- Outcome
- fruit borer infestatione1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 9.68%e1
- Qualifier
- 13.87%e1
- Comparator
- standard check M6e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“spinosad 45% SC in module M1 significantly resulted in lower fruit borer infestation (9.68%) than other modules (M2-M5) with 13.73–29.00% fruit infestation, standard check M6 (13.87%) and control M7 (32.66%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad in module M1 significantly lowered tomato fruit borer infestation to 9.68% versus 13.73-29.00% in modules M2-M5.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- spinosad 45% SC in module M1e1
- Interactor
- fruit borere1pest
- Outcome
- fruit borer infestatione1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 9.68%e1
- Qualifier
- 13.73–29.00%e1
- Comparator
- other modules (M2-M5)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“spinosad 45% SC in module M1 significantly resulted in lower fruit borer infestation (9.68%) than other modules (M2-M5) with 13.73–29.00% fruit infestation, standard check M6 (13.87%) and control M7 (32.66%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Module M1 (imidacloprid plus spinosad) gave the highest marketable tomato fruit yield, 259.06 q/ha, over the other modules.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- imidacloprid17.8 SL+Spinosad 45%SCe1
- Outcome
- marketable fruit yielde1
- Direction
- Higheste1
- Value
- 259.06qha−1e1
- Comparator
- other modulese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“Highest marketable fruit yield and economic returns were obtainedin moduleM1viz.imidacloprid17.8 SL+Spinosad 45%SC(259.06qha−1 and Rs.136717/-)over theother modules”
Claim · model-written summary
Module M1 (imidacloprid plus spinosad) gave the highest economic returns on tomato, Rs.136717, over the other modules.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- imidacloprid17.8 SL+Spinosad 45%SCe1
- Outcome
- economic returnse1
- Direction
- Higheste1
- Value
- Rs.136717/-e1
- Comparator
- other modulese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e1“Highest marketable fruit yield and economic returns were obtainedin moduleM1viz.imidacloprid17.8 SL+Spinosad 45%SC(259.06qha−1 and Rs.136717/-)over theother modules”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.