Abstract
Light insufficient stress caused by canopy interception and mutual shading is a major factor limiting plant growth and development in intensive crop cultivation. Supplemental lighting can be used to give light to the lower canopy leaves and is considered to be an effective method to cope with low irradiation stress. Leaf photosynthesis, stomatal regulation and plant growth and development of young tomato plants were examined to estimate the effects of supplemental lighting with various composite spectra and different light orientations. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of polychromatic light quality, red + blue (R/B), white + red + blue (W/R/B), white + red + far-red (W/R/FR), and white + blue (W/B) were assembled from the underneath canopy or from the inner canopy as supplemental lighting resources. The results showed that the use of supplemental lighting significantly increased the photosynthetic efficiency, and reduced stomatal closure while promoting plant growth. Among all supplemental lighting treatments, the W/R/B and W/B from the underneath canopy had best performance. The different photosynthetic performances among the supplemental lighting treatments are resulted from variations in CO2 utilization. The enhanced blue light fraction in the W/R/B and W/B could better stimulate stomatal opening and promote photosynthetic electron transport activity, thus better improving photosynthetic rate. Compared with the inner canopy treatment, the supplemental lighting from the underneath canopy could better enhance the carbon dioxide assimilation efficiency and excessive energy dissipation, leading to an improved photosynthetic performance. Stomatal morphology was highly correlated to leaf photosynthesis and plant development, and should thus be an important determinant for the photosynthesis and the growth of greenhouse tomatoes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental lighting significantly increased photosynthetic efficiency.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- supplemental lightinge0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of supplemental lighting significantly increased the photosynthetic efficiency”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental lighting reduced stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- supplemental lightinge1
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced stomatal closure while promoting plant growth”
e1“the use of supplemental lighting significantly increased the photosynthetic efficiency”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental lighting promoted tomato growth.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- supplemental lightinge1
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced stomatal closure while promoting plant growth”
e1“the use of supplemental lighting significantly increased the photosynthetic efficiency”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
W/R/B and W/B lighting from underneath the canopy had the best performance among lighting treatments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- W/R/B and W/Be0
- Outcome
- best performancee0
- Direction
- beste0
- Comparator
- all supplemental lighting treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all supplemental lighting treatments, the W/R/B and W/B from the underneath canopy had best performance.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic performance differed among supplemental lighting treatments because of variation in CO2 utilization.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- different photosynthetic performancese0
- Qualifier
- variations in CO2 utilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The different photosynthetic performances among the supplemental lighting treatments are resulted from variations in CO2 utilization.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The increased blue light fraction in W/R/B and W/B stimulated stomatal opening and photosynthetic electron transport.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- enhanced blue light fractione0
- Outcome
- stomatal opening and promote photosynthetic electron transport activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enhanced blue light fraction in the W/R/B and W/B could better stimulate stomatal opening and promote photosynthetic electron transport activity”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The increased blue light fraction in W/R/B and W/B improved photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- enhanced blue light fractione0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enhanced blue light fraction in the W/R/B and W/B could better stimulate stomatal opening and promote photosynthetic electron transport activity, thus better improving photosynthetic rate.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Underneath canopy lighting enhanced carbon dioxide assimilation efficiency and excessive energy dissipation compared with inner canopy lighting.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- supplemental lighting from the underneath canopye0
- Outcome
- carbon dioxide assimilation efficiency and excessive energy dissipatione0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Comparator
- inner canopy treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the inner canopy treatment, the supplemental lighting from the underneath canopy could better enhance the carbon dioxide assimilation efficiency and excessive energy dissipation”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Underneath canopy lighting improved photosynthetic performance compared with inner canopy lighting.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- supplemental lighting from the underneath canopye0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic performancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- inner canopy treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the inner canopy treatment, the supplemental lighting from the underneath canopy could better enhance the carbon dioxide assimilation efficiency and excessive energy dissipation, leading to an improved photosynthetic performance.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal morphology was highly correlated with leaf photosynthesis and plant development.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- Stomatal morphologye0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthesis and plant developmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal morphology was highly correlated to leaf photosynthesis and plant development”
t0“Tomato”
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