Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO), which are known as important signaling molecules in plants, could be promising compounds for the reduction in stress sensitivity. The aim of the present work was to study the physiological changes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings grown in growth medium that contained 0.1 mM SA, 0.25 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor), or in full (SA+SNP) or half [1/2 (SA+SNP)] combined strengths under iron (Fe) deficiency. After 21 days of treatment, Fe deficiency significantly inhibited peanut plant growth, destroyed photosynthetic system, and caused oxidative damages. Addition of SA, SNP, and 1/2 (SA+SNP), especially SA+SNP, alleviated the stress, increased the contents of chlorophylls, and promoted plant growth. They improved Fe uptake, transport, and availability in peanut plants by increasing the activities of H+-ATPase and ferric chelate reductase (FCR), and promoting Fe translocation from cell wall to cell organelle and soluble fraction in leaves. Furthermore, they also effectively mitigated oxidative damages by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in peanut leaves and roots. The results from the present study indicate that application of SA, SNP, or 1/2 (SA+SNP) can overcome the adverse effect of Fe deficiency, but the combined application of SA+SNP is more effective in alleviating Fe deficiency stress.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency inhibited peanut growth, impaired photosynthesis and caused oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- Fe deficiencye0
- Outcome
- peanut plant growth, destroyed photosynthetic system, and caused oxidative damagese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe deficiency significantly inhibited peanut plant growth, destroyed photosynthetic system, and caused oxidative damages.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA alleviated stress, increased chlorophyll content and promoted peanut growth under iron deficiency.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- contents of chlorophylls, and promoted plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of SA, SNP, and 1/2 (SA+SNP), especially SA+SNP, alleviated the stress, increased the contents of chlorophylls, and promoted plant growth.”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP alleviated stress, raised chlorophyll content and promoted peanut growth.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- SNPe0
- Outcome
- contents of chlorophylls, and promoted plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of SA, SNP, and 1/2 (SA+SNP), especially SA+SNP, alleviated the stress, increased the contents of chlorophylls, and promoted plant growth.”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Half strength SA plus SNP alleviated stress, raised chlorophyll and promoted peanut growth.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 1/2 (SA+SNP)e0
- Outcome
- contents of chlorophylls, and promoted plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of SA, SNP, and 1/2 (SA+SNP), especially SA+SNP, alleviated the stress, increased the contents of chlorophylls, and promoted plant growth.”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined SA plus SNP most effectively alleviated iron deficiency stress in peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- combined application of SA+SNPe0
- Outcome
- alleviating Fe deficiency stresse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of SA+SNP is more effective in alleviating Fe deficiency stress.”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments improved iron uptake, transport and availability in peanut plants.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- SA, SNP, and 1/2 (SA+SNP)e1
- Gene
- H+-ATPase and ferric chelate reductase (FCR)e0
- Outcome
- Fe uptake, transport, and availabilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They improved Fe uptake, transport, and availability in peanut plants by increasing the activities of H+-ATPase and ferric chelate reductase (FCR), and promoting Fe translocation from cell wall to cell organelle and soluble fraction in leaves.”
e1“Addition of SA, SNP, and 1/2 (SA+SNP), especially SA+SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments raised H+-ATPase and ferric chelate reductase activities.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- SA, SNP, and 1/2 (SA+SNP)e2
- Gene
- H+-ATPase and ferric chelate reductase (FCR)e0
- Outcome
- activities of H+-ATPase and ferric chelate reductase (FCR)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the activities of H+-ATPase and ferric chelate reductase (FCR)”
e1“peanut plants”
e2“Addition of SA, SNP, and 1/2 (SA+SNP), especially SA+SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments promoted iron movement from cell walls to organelles and soluble leaf fractions.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- SA, SNP, and 1/2 (SA+SNP)e2
- Outcome
- Fe translocation from cell wall to cell organelle and soluble fraction in leavese0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promoting Fe translocation from cell wall to cell organelle and soluble fraction in leaves.”
e1“peanut plants”
e2“Addition of SA, SNP, and 1/2 (SA+SNP), especially SA+SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased antioxidant enzyme activities in peanut leaves and roots, mitigating oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- SA, SNP, and 1/2 (SA+SNP)e1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they also effectively mitigated oxidative damages by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in peanut leaves and roots.”
e1“Addition of SA, SNP, and 1/2 (SA+SNP), especially SA+SNP”
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6 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 7 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.