Abstract
This study examined the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on physiological characteristics of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, was root application (directly; slow-release bag; slow-release capsule; slow-release particle) and foliar application. The results showed that SNP application alleviated iron (Fe) deficiency-induced chlorosis, increased the yield of peanut and increased the Fe concentration in peanut grain. SNP, especially supplied by slow-release particle improved the available Fe in soil by reducing pH of soil and increasing available Fe of soil. Furthermore, SNP application significantly increased the H+-ATPase and Fe3+ reductase activities and increased the total Fe concentration in the leaves. Meanwhile, SNP application, especially foliar application enhanced the availability of Fe in the plant by significantly increasing the active Fe content and chlorophyll content in the leaves. In addition, SNP also increased the antioxidant activities, but decreased the superoxide anion (O2•−) generation rate and malondialdehyde content, which protected peanut against the Fe deficiency-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, these results support a physiological action of SNP on the availability, uptake and transport of Fe in the plant and foliar application SNP had the best effects in leaves and SNP supplied by slow-release particle had the best effects in roots. In addition, on the whole, the effects of SNP supplied by slow-release ways were better than directly supplied into the soil.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
SNP application alleviated iron deficiency-induced chlorosis in peanut grown on calcareous soil.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Treatment
- SNP applicatione2
- Outcome
- chlorosise2
- Direction
- alleviatede2
- Setting
- calcareous soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e2“The results showed that SNP application alleviated iron (Fe) deficiency-induced chlorosis, increased the yield of peanut and increased the Fe concentration in peanut grain”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP application increased the yield of peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- SNP applicatione2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- calcareous soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e2“The results showed that SNP application alleviated iron (Fe) deficiency-induced chlorosis, increased the yield of peanut and increased the Fe concentration in peanut grain”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP application increased the Fe concentration in peanut grain.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Organ / stage
- graine2
- Treatment
- SNP applicatione2
- Outcome
- Fe concentratione2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e2“The results showed that SNP application alleviated iron (Fe) deficiency-induced chlorosis, increased the yield of peanut and increased the Fe concentration in peanut grain”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP, especially when supplied by slow-release particle, improved the available Fe in soil by reducing soil pH.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- SNP, especially supplied by slow-release particlee4
- Outcome
- available Fe in soile4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Qualifier
- by reducing pH of soile4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e4“SNP, especially supplied by slow-release particle improved the available Fe in soil by reducing pH of soil and increasing available Fe of soil”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP application significantly increased H+-ATPase and Fe3+ reductase activities in peanut under Fe deficiency.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- SNP applicatione5
- Outcome
- H+-ATPase and Fe3+ reductase activitiese5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e5“SNP application significantly increased the H+-ATPase and Fe3+ reductase activities and increased the total Fe concentration in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP application increased the total Fe concentration in peanut leaves.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- SNP applicatione5
- Outcome
- total Fe concentratione5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e5“SNP application significantly increased the H+-ATPase and Fe3+ reductase activities and increased the total Fe concentration in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of SNP enhanced the availability of Fe in peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- foliar applicatione6
- Outcome
- availability of Fe in the plante6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e6“SNP application, especially foliar application enhanced the availability of Fe in the plant by significantly increasing the active Fe content and chlorophyll content in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of SNP increased the active Fe content and chlorophyll content in peanut leaves.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- foliar applicatione6
- Outcome
- active Fe content and chlorophyll contente6
- Direction
- increasinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e6“SNP application, especially foliar application enhanced the availability of Fe in the plant by significantly increasing the active Fe content and chlorophyll content in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP application increased the antioxidant activities of peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- SNPe7
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitiese7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e7“SNP also increased the antioxidant activities, but decreased the superoxide anion (O2•−) generation rate and malondialdehyde content”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP application decreased the superoxide anion generation rate and malondialdehyde content of peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- SNPe7
- Outcome
- superoxide anion (O2•−) generation rate and malondialdehyde contente7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e7“SNP also increased the antioxidant activities, but decreased the superoxide anion (O2•−) generation rate and malondialdehyde content”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of SNP had the best effects in peanut leaves among the application ways.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- foliar application SNPe0
- Outcome
- the best effects in leavese0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e0“foliar application SNP had the best effects in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP supplied by slow-release particle had the best effects in peanut roots.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Treatment
- SNP supplied by slow-release particlee2
- Outcome
- the best effects in rootse2
- Direction
- beste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e2“SNP supplied by slow-release particle had the best effects in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP supplied by slow-release ways had better effects on peanut than SNP directly supplied into the soil.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- SNP supplied by slow-release wayse3
- Outcome
- effectse3
- Direction
- bettere3
- Comparator
- directly supplied into the soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing on calcareous soil”
e3“the effects of SNP supplied by slow-release ways were better than directly supplied into the soil”
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See all 45 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.