Abstract
The response of higher plants to ionising radiation depends on factors related to both radiation properties and plant features including species, cultivar, age, and structural complexity of the target organ. Adult plants of dwarf tomato were irradiated with different doses of X-rays to investigate possible variations in leaf morpho-anatomical traits, photosynthetic efficiency, and genomic DNA. In order to assess if and how responses depend on leaf developmental stage, we analysed two types of leaves; nearly mature leaves (L1) and actively developing leaves (L2), whose lamina size corresponded to 70 and 25 %, respectively, of the lamina size of the fully expanded leaves. The results show that the X-rays prevented full lamina expansion of the L2 leaves at all doses and induced early death of tissue of plants irradiated with doses higher than 20 Gy. Most anatomical modifications were not clearly dose-dependent and the radiation-induced increase in phenolic compounds was irrespective of dose. At high doses of X-rays (50 and 100 Gy), photochemical efficiency decreased significantly in both leaf types, whereas total chlorophyll content significantly decreased only in the L2 leaves. The random amplification of polymorphic DNA data show that the X-rays induced mutagenic effects in the L2 leaves even at low doses despite the absence of severe phenotypic alterations. Genetic structure found in the population of samples corroborates the results of anatomical and eco-physiological analyses: the 20 Gy dose seems to mark the threshold dose above which genetic alterations, structural anomalies, and perturbations in the photosynthetic apparatus become significant, especially in the actively expanding leaves.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
X-rays prevented full expansion of actively developing leaves at all doses.
- Taxon
- dwarf tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Organ / stage
- L2 leavese0
- Treatment
- X-rayse0
- Outcome
- full lamina expansione0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Qualifier
- at all dosese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the X-rays prevented full lamina expansion of the L2 leaves at all doses”
e1“Adult plants of dwarf tomato were irradiated with different doses of X-rays”
Claim · model-written summary
X-ray doses above 20 Gy induced early tissue death.
- Taxon
- dwarf tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- doses higher than 20 Gye0
- Outcome
- early death of tissuee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced early death of tissue of plants irradiated with doses higher than 20 Gy.”
e1“Adult plants of dwarf tomato were irradiated with different doses of X-rays”
Claim · model-written summary
Most X-ray-induced anatomical changes were not clearly dose dependent.
- Taxon
- dwarf tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- X-rayse1
- Outcome
- anatomical modificationse0
- Direction
- not clearly dose-dependente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most anatomical modifications were not clearly dose-dependent”
e1“Adult plants of dwarf tomato were irradiated with different doses of X-rays”
Claim · model-written summary
X-rays increased phenolic compounds irrespective of dose.
- Taxon
- dwarf tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- radiatione0
- Outcome
- phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of dosee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the radiation-induced increase in phenolic compounds was irrespective of dose.”
e1“Adult plants of dwarf tomato were irradiated with different doses of X-rays”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 and 100 Gy, X-rays significantly decreased photochemical efficiency in both leaf types.
- Taxon
- dwarf tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- X-rays (50 and 100 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- both leaf typese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high doses of X-rays (50 and 100 Gy), photochemical efficiency decreased significantly in both leaf types”
e1“Adult plants of dwarf tomato were irradiated with different doses of X-rays”
Claim · model-written summary
At high X-ray doses, total chlorophyll content significantly decreased only in developing leaves.
- Taxon
- dwarf tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Organ / stage
- L2 leavese0
- Treatment
- X-rays (50 and 100 Gy)e1
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total chlorophyll content significantly decreased only in the L2 leaves.”
e1“At high doses of X-rays (50 and 100 Gy)”
e2“Adult plants of dwarf tomato were irradiated with different doses of X-rays”
Claim · model-written summary
X-rays caused detectable mutagenic effects in developing leaves even at low doses.
- Taxon
- dwarf tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- L2 leavese0
- Treatment
- X-rayse0
- Outcome
- mutagenic effectse0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- even at low dosese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the X-rays induced mutagenic effects in the L2 leaves even at low doses despite the absence of severe phenotypic alterations.”
e1“Adult plants of dwarf tomato were irradiated with different doses of X-rays”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret 20 Gy as the threshold above which genetic, anatomical and photosynthetic perturbations become significant, especially in developing leaves.
- Taxon
- dwarf tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- genetic alterations, structural anomalies, and perturbations in the photosynthetic apparatuse0
- Value
- 20 Gye0
- Qualifier
- especially in the actively expanding leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 20 Gy dose seems to mark the threshold dose above which genetic alterations, structural anomalies, and perturbations in the photosynthetic apparatus become significant, especially in the actively expanding leaves.”
e1“Adult plants of dwarf tomato were irradiated with different doses of X-rays”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.