Abstract
Enhanced phytoextraction uses soil chelators to increase the bioavailability of heavy metals. This study tested the effectiveness of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid in enhancing cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction and their effects on the growth, yield, and ionic uptake of maize (Zea mays). Maize seeds of two cultivars were sown in pots treated with 15 (Cd15) or 30 mg Cd kg−1 soil (Cd30). EDTA and citric acid at 0.5 g kg−1 each were applied 2 weeks after germination. Results demonstrated that the growth, yield per plant, and total grain weight were reduced by exposure to Cd. EDTA increased the uptake of Cd in shoots, roots, and grains of both maize varieties. Citric acid did not enhance the uptake of Cd, rather it ameliorated the toxicity of Cd, as shown by increased shoot and root length and biomass. Cadmium toxicity reduced the number of grains, rather than the grain size. The maize cultivar Sahiwal-2002 extracted 1.6% and 3.6% of Cd from soil in both Cd+ EDTA treatments. Hence, our study implies that maize can be used to successfully phytoremediate Cd from soil using EDTA, without reducing plant biomass or yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure reduced maize growth.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, yield per plant, and total grain weight were reduced by exposure to Cd.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure reduced maize yield per plant.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, yield per plant, and total grain weight were reduced by exposure to Cd.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure reduced total maize grain weight.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth, yield per plant, and total grain weight were reduced by exposure to Cd.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA increased cadmium uptake in maize shoots, roots and grains.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EDTA increased the uptake of Cd in shoots, roots, and grains of both maize varieties.”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid did not enhance maize cadmium uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Citric acid did not enhance the uptake of Cd”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid increased maize shoot and root length.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Citric acid did not enhance the uptake of Cd, rather it ameliorated the toxicity of Cd, as shown by increased shoot and root length and biomass.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid increased maize biomass.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Citric acid did not enhance the uptake of Cd, rather it ameliorated the toxicity of Cd, as shown by increased shoot and root length and biomass.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium toxicity reduced maize grain number.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium toxicity reduced the number of grains, rather than the grain size.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Sahiwal-2002 extracted 1.6% of soil cadmium under a Cd plus EDTA treatment.
- Material
- Sahiwal-2002e0
- Treatment
- Cd+ EDTA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Cd from soile0
- Direction
- extractede0
- Value
- 1.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize cultivar Sahiwal-2002 extracted 1.6% and 3.6% of Cd from soil in both Cd+ EDTA treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sahiwal-2002 extracted 3.6% of soil cadmium under a Cd plus EDTA treatment.
- Material
- Sahiwal-2002e0
- Treatment
- Cd+ EDTA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Cd from soile0
- Direction
- extractede0
- Value
- 3.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize cultivar Sahiwal-2002 extracted 1.6% and 3.6% of Cd from soil in both Cd+ EDTA treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude maize can phytoremediate soil cadmium with EDTA without reducing biomass or yield.
- Treatment
- using EDTAe0
- Outcome
- phytoremediate Cd from soile0
- Qualifier
- without reducing plant biomass or yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize can be used to successfully phytoremediate Cd from soil using EDTA, without reducing plant biomass or yield.”
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.