Abstract
A pot experiment was established in 2006 to examine whether induced phytoextraction can remove copper from soils polluted with emissions from copper smelters. Two soils tested in the experiment were sand and loam in texture, and contained 620 and 510 mg⋅kg -1 Cu, respectively. Maize was used as a testing plant. Two chelating agents: EDTA and biodagradable EDDS were introduced into the soils at the rates of 0.2; 0.5 and 1.0 mmol⋅kg -1 to intensify the process of Cu phytoextraction. The results that have been already published indicated that application of both chelators caused increase in Cu uptake by plants in 2006, although the concentrations of Cu in biomass were far below those required for effective phytoextraction. Additionally, both chelators caused intensive leaching of metals from soils. This paper focuses on the carryover effects observed in the subsequent year, 2007, certainly caused by the application of chelators. EDTA, particularly when applied at the highest rate, caused considerable deterioration of plant growth, reduction of plant yields and increased uptake of Cu by plants grown in both soils. The plants showed unquestionable effects of copper phytotoxicity. In the plots where EDDS was applied, a small decrease in yield was observed in the case of plants grown on sandy soil, whereas in plants grown on loamy soil a significant increase in plant yields and decrease in Cu concentrations in shoot biomass occurred compared with the control plots. Cu and Fe concentrations in plant shoots were positively correlated with each other, and the plants with the highest concentrations of Cu also contained the highest concentrations of Fe. Application of the chelating agents, particularly EDTA, in 2006 caused a long-lasting increase of Cu and Fe solubility
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA at the highest rate caused deterioration of maize growth.
- Treatment
- EDTAe0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- deterioratione0
- Qualifier
- particularly when applied at the highest ratee0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“EDTA, particularly when applied at the highest rate, caused considerable deterioration of plant growth, reduction of plant yields and increased uptake of Cu by plants grown in both soils”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA at the highest rate reduced maize yields.
- Treatment
- EDTAe0
- Outcome
- plant yieldse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- particularly when applied at the highest ratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“EDTA, particularly when applied at the highest rate, caused considerable deterioration of plant growth, reduction of plant yields and increased uptake of Cu by plants grown in both soils”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA at the highest rate increased maize Cu uptake in both soils.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“EDTA, particularly when applied at the highest rate, caused considerable deterioration of plant growth, reduction of plant yields and increased uptake of Cu by plants grown in both soils”
Claim · model-written summary
EDDS on sandy soil gave a small decrease in maize yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e1“In the plots where EDDS was applied, a small decrease in yield was observed in the case of plants grown on sandy soil, whereas in plants grown on loamy soil a significant increase in plant yields and decrease in Cu concentrations in shoot biomass occurred compared with the control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
EDDS on loamy soil significantly increased maize yield compared with control plots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e1“In the plots where EDDS was applied, a small decrease in yield was observed in the case of plants grown on sandy soil, whereas in plants grown on loamy soil a significant increase in plant yields and decrease in Cu concentrations in shoot biomass occurred compared with the control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
EDDS on loamy soil significantly decreased Cu concentrations in maize shoot biomass compared with control plots.
- Treatment
- EDDSe1
- Outcome
- Cu concentrations in shoot biomasse1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- control plotse1
- Setting
- loamy soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e1“In the plots where EDDS was applied, a small decrease in yield was observed in the case of plants grown on sandy soil, whereas in plants grown on loamy soil a significant increase in plant yields and decrease in Cu concentrations in shoot biomass occurred compared with the control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu and Fe concentrations in maize shoots were positively correlated.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e3“Cu and Fe concentrations in plant shoots were positively correlated with each other”
Claim · model-written summary
Chelating agents applied in 2006 caused a long-lasting increase in Cu and Fe solubility.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e4“Application of the chelating agents, particularly EDTA, in 2006 caused a long-lasting increase of Cu and Fe solubility”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of both chelators increased Cu uptake by maize in 2006, according to previously published results.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e5“application of both chelators caused increase in Cu uptake by plants in 2006”
Claim · model-written summary
Both chelators caused intensive leaching of metals from soils, according to previously published results.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e6“both chelators caused intensive leaching of metals from soils”
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