Abstract
Chickpea, the second most important legume crop, suffers major yield losses by terminal drought stress (DS). Stronger root system is known to enhance drought yields but this understanding remains controversial. To understand precisely the root traits contribution towards yield, 12 chickpea genotypes with well-known drought response were field evaluated under drought and optimal irrigation. Root traits, such as root length density (RLD), total root dry weight (RDW), deep root dry weight (deep RDW) and root:shoot ratio (RSR), were measured periodically by soil coring up to 1.2 m soil depth across drought treatments. Large variations were observed for RLD, RDW, deep RDW and RSR in both the drought treatments. DS increased RLD below 30 cm soil depth, deep RDW, RSR but decreased the root diameter. DS increased the genetic variation in RDW more at the penultimate soil depths. Genetic variation under drought was the widest for RLD ∼50 DAS, for deep RDW ∼50-75 DAS and for RSR at 35 DAS. Genotypes ICC 4958, ICC 8261, Annigeri, ICC 14799, ICC 283 and ICC 867 at vegetative stage and genotypes ICC 14778, ICCV 10, ICC 3325, ICC 14799 and ICC 1882 at the reproductive phase produced greater RLD. Path- and correlation coefficients revealed strong positive contributions of RLD after 45 DAS, deep RDW at vicinity of maturity and RSR at early podfill stages to yield under drought. Breeding for the best combination of profuse RLD at surface soil depths, and RDW at deeper soil layers, was proposed to be the best selection strategy, for an efficient water use and an enhanced terminal drought tolerance in chickpea.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Root length density, root dry weight, deep root dry weight and root:shoot ratio varied widely across drought treatments.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Outcome
- Large variationse0
- Qualifier
- RLD, RDW, deep RDW and RSRe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Large variations were observed for RLD, RDW, deep RDW and RSR in both the drought treatments.”
t0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased root length density below 30 cm, deep root dry weight and root:shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- DSe0
- Outcome
- RLD below 30 cm soil depth, deep RDW, RSRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DS increased RLD below 30 cm soil depth, deep RDW, RSR but decreased the root diameter.”
t0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased root diameter.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- DSe0
- Outcome
- root diametere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DS increased RLD below 30 cm soil depth, deep RDW, RSR but decreased the root diameter.”
t0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased genetic variation in root dry weight at the penultimate soil depths.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- DSe0
- Outcome
- genetic variation in RDWe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- penultimate soil depthse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DS increased the genetic variation in RDW more at the penultimate soil depths.”
t0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, genetic variation was widest for root length density around 50 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Genetic variation under drought was the widest for RLDe0
- Direction
- wideste0
- Qualifier
- ∼50 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genetic variation under drought was the widest for RLD ∼50 DAS, for deep RDW ∼50-75 DAS and for RSR at 35 DAS.”
t0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, genetic variation was widest for deep root dry weight around 50 to 75 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- deep RDWe0
- Direction
- wideste0
- Qualifier
- ∼50-75 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genetic variation under drought was the widest for RLD ∼50 DAS, for deep RDW ∼50-75 DAS and for RSR at 35 DAS.”
t0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, genetic variation was widest for root:shoot ratio at 35 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- RSRe0
- Direction
- wideste0
- Qualifier
- 35 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genetic variation under drought was the widest for RLD ∼50 DAS, for deep RDW ∼50-75 DAS and for RSR at 35 DAS.”
t0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At the vegetative stage, ICC 4958, ICC 8261, Annigeri, ICC 14799, ICC 283 and ICC 867 had greater root length density.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ICC 4958, ICC 8261, Annigeri, ICC 14799, ICC 283 and ICC 867e0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee0
- Outcome
- RLDe0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes ICC 4958, ICC 8261, Annigeri, ICC 14799, ICC 283 and ICC 867 at vegetative stage and genotypes ICC 14778, ICCV 10, ICC 3325, ICC 14799 and ICC 1882 at the reproductive phase produced greater RLD.”
t0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At the reproductive phase, ICC 14778, ICCV 10, ICC 3325, ICC 14799 and ICC 1882 had greater root length density.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- ICC 14778, ICCV 10, ICC 3325, ICC 14799 and ICC 1882e0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive phasee0
- Outcome
- RLDe0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes ICC 4958, ICC 8261, Annigeri, ICC 14799, ICC 283 and ICC 867 at vegetative stage and genotypes ICC 14778, ICCV 10, ICC 3325, ICC 14799 and ICC 1882 at the reproductive phase produced greater RLD.”
t0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length density after 45 days after sowing contributed positively to drought yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Organ / stage
- RLD after 45 DASe0
- Outcome
- yield under droughte0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Path- and correlation coefficients revealed strong positive contributions of RLD after 45 DAS, deep RDW at vicinity of maturity and RSR at early podfill stages to yield under drought.”
t0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep root dry weight near maturity contributed positively to drought yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Organ / stage
- deep RDW at vicinity of maturitye0
- Outcome
- yield under droughte0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Path- and correlation coefficients revealed strong positive contributions of RLD after 45 DAS, deep RDW at vicinity of maturity and RSR at early podfill stages to yield under drought.”
t0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root:shoot ratio at early podfill contributed positively to drought yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Organ / stage
- RSR at early podfill stagese0
- Outcome
- yield under droughte0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Path- and correlation coefficients revealed strong positive contributions of RLD after 45 DAS, deep RDW at vicinity of maturity and RSR at early podfill stages to yield under drought.”
t0“chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed breeding for high surface root length density and deep root dry weight to improve water use and terminal drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- best selection strategy, for an efficient water use and an enhanced terminal drought tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- profuse RLD at surface soil depths, and RDW at deeper soil layerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Breeding for the best combination of profuse RLD at surface soil depths, and RDW at deeper soil layers, was proposed to be the best selection strategy, for an efficient water use and an enhanced terminal drought tolerance in chickpea.”
The same questions in other papers
drought · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 39 in the opposite direction
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