Abstract
Increasing the drought tolerance of crops is one of the most challenging goals in plant breeding. To improve crop productivity during periods of water deficit, it is essential to understand the complex regulatory pathways that adapt plant metabolism to environmental conditions. Among various plant hormones and second messengers, calcium ions are known to be involved in drought stress perception and signaling. Plants have developed specific calcium-dependent protein kinases that convert calcium signals into phosphorylation events. In this study we attempted to elucidate the role of a calcium-dependent protein kinase in the drought stress response of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), one of the most economically important crops worldwide. The ongoing barley genome project has provided useful information about genes potentially involved in the drought stress response, but information on the role of calcium-dependent kinases is still limited. We found that the gene encoding the calcium-dependent protein kinase HvCPK2a was significantly upregulated in response to drought. To better understand the role of HvCPK2a in drought stress signaling, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants that overexpressed the corresponding coding sequence. Overexpressing lines displayed drought sensitivity, reduced nitrogen balance index, an increase in total chlorophyll content and decreased relative water content. In addition, in vitro kinase assay experiments combined with mass spectrometry allowed HvCPK2a autophosphorylation sites to be identified. Our results suggest that HvCPK2a is a dual-specificity calcium-dependent protein kinase that functions as a negative regulator of the drought stress response in barley.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly upregulated HvCPK2a expression in barley.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- droughte0
- Gene
- HvCPK2ae0
- Outcome
- gene encoding the calcium-dependent protein kinase HvCPK2ae0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the gene encoding the calcium-dependent protein kinase HvCPK2a was significantly upregulated in response to drought.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis lines overexpressing HvCPK2a showed drought sensitivity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- Overexpressing linese0
- Outcome
- drought sensitivitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpressing lines displayed drought sensitivity, reduced nitrogen balance index, an increase in total chlorophyll content and decreased relative water content.”
t0“transgenic Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis lines overexpressing HvCPK2a had reduced nitrogen balance index.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Overexpressing linese0
- Outcome
- nitrogen balance indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpressing lines displayed drought sensitivity, reduced nitrogen balance index, an increase in total chlorophyll content and decreased relative water content.”
t0“transgenic Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis lines overexpressing HvCPK2a had increased total chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Overexpressing linese0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpressing lines displayed drought sensitivity, reduced nitrogen balance index, an increase in total chlorophyll content and decreased relative water content.”
t0“transgenic Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis lines overexpressing HvCPK2a had decreased relative water content.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Overexpressing linese0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpressing lines displayed drought sensitivity, reduced nitrogen balance index, an increase in total chlorophyll content and decreased relative water content.”
t0“transgenic Arabidopsis plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro kinase assays and mass spectrometry identified HvCPK2a autophosphorylation sites.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- HvCPK2ae0
- Outcome
- HvCPK2a autophosphorylation sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in vitro kinase assay experiments combined with mass spectrometry allowed HvCPK2a autophosphorylation sites to be identified.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest HvCPK2a is a dual-specificity calcium-dependent protein kinase and negative regulator of barley drought response.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Gene
- HvCPK2ae0
- Outcome
- drought stress responsee0
- Qualifier
- negative regulatore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HvCPK2a is a dual-specificity calcium-dependent protein kinase that functions as a negative regulator of the drought stress response in barley.”
The same questions in other papers
drought · molecular: expression · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.