Abstract
To assess the impact crop load has on hard cider chemistry, ‘York’ apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh. ) trees were hand thinned to three different crop loads: low [two apples per cm 2 branch cross-sectional area (BCSA)], medium (four apples per BCSA), and high (six apples per BCSA). Higher crop loads produced smaller, less acidic fruit that were slightly more mature. In juice made from fruit from these treatments, the total polyphenol content did not differ at harvest, but, after fermentation, the medium crop load had 27% and the high crop load had 37% greater total polyphenol content than the low crop load. Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentration in juice made from fruit from the low crop load treatment had 18% and 22% greater than the medium and high crop load, respectively. YAN concentrations in juice from the medium and high crop load treatments were similar. Our results provide apple growers and hard cider producers with a better understanding of how apple crop load impacts YAN concentrations in juice and total polyphenol concentrations in juice and cider.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Higher crop loads produced smaller apples.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Higher crop loadse0
- Outcome
- fruite0
- Direction
- smallere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher crop loads produced smaller, less acidic fruit that were slightly more mature.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher crop loads produced less acidic fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Higher crop loadse0
- Outcome
- fruite0
- Direction
- less acidice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher crop loads produced smaller, less acidic fruit that were slightly more mature.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher crop loads produced slightly more mature fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Higher crop loadse0
- Outcome
- fruite0
- Direction
- more maturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher crop loads produced smaller, less acidic fruit that were slightly more mature.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Juice polyphenol content did not differ by crop load at harvest.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total polyphenol contente0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Qualifier
- at harveste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In juice made from fruit from these treatments, the total polyphenol content did not differ at harvest”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
After fermentation, medium crop load gave 27% greater total polyphenol content than low crop load.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- medium crop loade0
- Outcome
- total polyphenol contente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Qualifier
- after fermentatione0
- Comparator
- low crop loade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after fermentation, the medium crop load had 27% and the high crop load had 37% greater total polyphenol content than the low crop load.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
After fermentation, high crop load gave 37% greater total polyphenol content than low crop load.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- high crop loade0
- Outcome
- total polyphenol contente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 37%e0
- Qualifier
- after fermentatione0
- Comparator
- low crop loade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after fermentation, the medium crop load had 27% and the high crop load had 37% greater total polyphenol content than the low crop load.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Low crop load juice had 18% greater YAN concentration than medium crop load juice.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- low crop load treatmente0
- Outcome
- Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentratione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentration in juice made from fruit from the low crop load treatment had 18% and 22% greater than the medium and high crop load, respectively.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Low crop load juice had 22% greater YAN concentration than high crop load juice.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- low crop load treatmente0
- Outcome
- Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentratione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- high crop loade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentration in juice made from fruit from the low crop load treatment had 18% and 22% greater than the medium and high crop load, respectively.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
YAN concentration was similar under medium and high crop loads.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- mediume0
- Outcome
- YAN concentrationse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- high crop load treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YAN concentrations in juice from the medium and high crop load treatments were similar.”
t0“apple”
The same questions in other papers
in vitro · quality: phytochemicals · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.