Paper · 1997 · Weed Technology

Controlling Kochia (Kochia scoparia) in Soybean (Glycine max) with Postemergence Herbicides

Gail A. Wicks; Alex R. Martin; Gordon E. Hanson

11
claims
13
verbatim quotes
8
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

POST herbicides were applied at four soybean growth stages to evaluate their effect on triazine-resistant (TR) kochia in 1991, 1992, and 1993. Applying imazethapyr at 70 g ai/ha or bentazon plus imazethapyr at 1,120 plus 70 g ai/ha controlled 75 to 100% of 1- to 13-cm-tall TR kochia consistently across growth stages and years. Acifluorfen at 560 g ai/ha, chlorimuron at 13 g ai/ha, or chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron at 4 plus 4 g ai/ha controlled 68 to 96% of 1- to 2-cm-tall TR kochia at soybean growth stage VC to V1, and control was inconsistent at later growth stages. In most instances, soybean seed yield was greater with herbicides applied at the V1 or V2 growth stage of soybean compared with the V4 and V5 growth stage because of better weed control. No wheat yield reduction occurred because of herbicide carryover in 1992 and 1994. However, in 1993, imazethapyr and bentazon plus imazethapyr treatments applied in 1992 caused 22% injury and reduced winter wheat yield 10% when wheat was planted after soybean harvest.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 11

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

imazethapyr at 70 g ai/ha controlled 75 to 100% of TR kochia.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
imazethapyr at 70 g ai/hae0
Interactor
kochiaBassiae0weed
Outcome
TR kochiae0
Direction
controllede0
Value
75 to 100%e0
Qualifier
1- to 13-cm-talle0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bassia
Bassia · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Felagund · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Controlling Kochia (Kochia scoparia) in Soybean (Glycine max) with Postemergence Herbicides”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“Applying imazethapyr at 70 g ai/ha or bentazon plus imazethapyr at 1,120 plus 70 g ai/ha controlled 75 to 100% of 1- to 13-cm-tall TR kochia consistently across growth stages and years.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 143–328 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

bentazon plus imazethapyr at 1,120 plus 70 g ai/ha controlled 75 to 100% of TR kochia.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
bentazon plus imazethapyr at 1,120 plus 70 g ai/hae0
Interactor
kochiaBassiae0weed
Outcome
TR kochiae0
Direction
controllede0
Value
75 to 100%e0
Qualifier
1- to 13-cm-talle0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bassia
Bassia · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Felagund · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Controlling Kochia (Kochia scoparia) in Soybean (Glycine max) with Postemergence Herbicides”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–91 · show in text ↑
e0

“Applying imazethapyr at 70 g ai/ha or bentazon plus imazethapyr at 1,120 plus 70 g ai/ha controlled 75 to 100% of 1- to 13-cm-tall TR kochia consistently across growth stages and years.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 143–328 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Acifluorfen at 560 g ai/ha controlled 68 to 96% of young TR kochia at soybean stage VC to V1, with inconsistent later control.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Organ / stage
soybean growth stage VC to V1e0
Treatment
Acifluorfen at 560 g ai/hae0
Interactor
kochiaBassiae0weed
Outcome
TR kochiae0
Direction
controllede0
Value
68 to 96%e0
Qualifier
control was inconsistent at later growth stagese0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bassia
Bassia · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Felagund · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Acifluorfen at 560 g ai/ha, chlorimuron at 13 g ai/ha, or chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron at 4 plus 4 g ai/ha controlled 68 to 96% of 1- to 2-cm-tall TR kochia at soybean growth stage VC to V1, and control was inconsistent at later growth stages.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 329–575 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

chlorimuron at 13 g ai/ha controlled 68 to 96% of young TR kochia at soybean stage VC to V1, with inconsistent later control.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Organ / stage
soybean growth stage VC to V1e0
Treatment
chlorimuron at 13 g ai/hae0
Interactor
kochiaBassiae0weed
Outcome
TR kochiae0
Direction
controllede0
Value
68 to 96%e0
Qualifier
control was inconsistent at later growth stagese0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bassia
Bassia · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Felagund · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Acifluorfen at 560 g ai/ha, chlorimuron at 13 g ai/ha, or chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron at 4 plus 4 g ai/ha controlled 68 to 96% of 1- to 2-cm-tall TR kochia at soybean growth stage VC to V1, and control was inconsistent at later growth stages.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 329–575 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron at 4 plus 4 g ai/ha controlled 68 to 96% of young TR kochia at soybean stage VC to V1, with inconsistent later control.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Organ / stage
soybean growth stage VC to V1e0
Treatment
chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron at 4 plus 4 g ai/hae0
Interactor
kochiaBassiae0weed
Outcome
TR kochiae0
Direction
controllede0
Value
68 to 96%e0
Qualifier
control was inconsistent at later growth stagese0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bassia
Bassia · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Felagund · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Acifluorfen at 560 g ai/ha, chlorimuron at 13 g ai/ha, or chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron at 4 plus 4 g ai/ha controlled 68 to 96% of 1- to 2-cm-tall TR kochia at soybean growth stage VC to V1, and control was inconsistent at later growth stages.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 329–575 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soybean seed yield was usually greater after herbicide application at V1 or V2 than at V4 or V5.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
herbicides applied at the V1 or V2 growth stagee0
Interactor
weede0weed
Outcome
soybean seed yielde0
Direction
greatere0
Comparator
V4 and V5 growth stagee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In most instances, soybean seed yield was greater with herbicides applied at the V1 or V2 growth stage of soybean compared with the V4 and V5 growth stage because of better weed control.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 576–762 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Herbicide carryover caused no wheat yield reduction in 1992 and 1994.

Treatment
herbicide carryovere0
Outcome
wheat yielde0
Direction
No wheat yield reductione0
Qualifier
1992 and 1994e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“No wheat yield reduction occurred because of herbicide carryover in 1992 and 1994.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 763–845 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

imazethapyr caused 22% injury in following winter wheat.

Treatment
imazethapyre0
Outcome
injurye0
Direction
causede0
Value
22%e0
Qualifier
when wheat was planted after soybean harveste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“However, in 1993, imazethapyr and bentazon plus imazethapyr treatments applied in 1992 caused 22% injury and reduced winter wheat yield 10% when wheat was planted after soybean harvest.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 846–1031 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

imazethapyr caused 10% winter wheat yield in following winter wheat.

Treatment
imazethapyre0
Outcome
winter wheat yielde0
Direction
reducede0
Value
10%e0
Qualifier
when wheat was planted after soybean harveste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“However, in 1993, imazethapyr and bentazon plus imazethapyr treatments applied in 1992 caused 22% injury and reduced winter wheat yield 10% when wheat was planted after soybean harvest.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 846–1031 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

bentazon plus imazethapyr caused 22% injury in following winter wheat.

Treatment
bentazon plus imazethapyre0
Outcome
injurye0
Direction
causede0
Value
22%e0
Qualifier
when wheat was planted after soybean harveste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“However, in 1993, imazethapyr and bentazon plus imazethapyr treatments applied in 1992 caused 22% injury and reduced winter wheat yield 10% when wheat was planted after soybean harvest.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 846–1031 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

bentazon plus imazethapyr caused 10% winter wheat yield in following winter wheat.

Treatment
bentazon plus imazethapyre0
Outcome
winter wheat yielde0
Direction
reducede0
Value
10%e0
Qualifier
when wheat was planted after soybean harveste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“However, in 1993, imazethapyr and bentazon plus imazethapyr treatments applied in 1992 caused 22% injury and reduced winter wheat yield 10% when wheat was planted after soybean harvest.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 846–1031 · show in text ↑

bentazone · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 1 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
See all 3 papers →

Imazethapyr · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

8 papers: 3 positive, 5 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

Imazethapyr · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

3 papers: 0 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. negative
  2. no effect
See all 3 papers →

stage · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

121 papers: 71 positive, 50 negative or no effect

70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 50 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

117 papers more in this group

See all 121 papers →

herbicide · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

460 papers: 322 positive, 138 negative or no effect

321 papers in the same direction as this paper · 112 in the opposite direction · 26 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

456 papers more in this group

See all 460 papers →

herbicide · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

563 papers: 466 positive, 97 negative or no effect

96 papers in the same direction as this paper · 466 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

559 papers more in this group

See all 563 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.