Abstract
Drought stress occurring during flowering and early pod expansion decreases pod set in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). The failure of pod set may be associated with changes in water status and ABA content in soybean reproductive structures under drought stress. To test this, pot experiments in an environmentally-controlled greenhouse were conducted, in which soybeans were exposed to drought stress around anthesis. In a preliminary experiment (Expt. I), irrigation was withheld at -6 (D1), -4 (D2) and -2 (D3) to 11 days after anthesis (DAA), then the droughted plants were re-watered to control levels until physiological maturity. Pod set percentage, seed yield and yield components were recorded. In the main experiment (Expt. II), irrigation was withheld from -11 to 10DAA. During the drying cycle, parts of the droughted plants were re-watered at 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 DAA and kept well-watered until physiological maturity. In Expt. II, water status, ABA contents in xylem sap, leaves, flowers and pods were measured at 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 DAA. The water potential in the flowers and pods was always lower than the leaf water potential. Turgor was decreased in leaves by drought 3 DAA, but remained at control levels in flowers and pods. Compared with well-watered plants, in severely droughted plants (10 DAA), xylem [ABA] increased about 60-fold; leaf [ABA] increased 9-fold; pod [ABA] increased 6-fold. During soil drying, flower and pod [ABA] was linearly correlated with xylem [ABA] and leaf [ABA], indicating that root-originated ABA and/or leaf ABA were the likely sources of ABA accumulated in the flowers and pods. In Expt. I, pod set and seed number per pod was unaffected by drought stress, while seed yield and individual seed weight was significantly decreased by drought. In Expt. II, significant reductions in pod set and seed yield were observed when re-watering the droughted plants at 3-5 DAA, re-watering the droughted plants later than this stage resulted in a similar pod set. Collectively, these results suggest that drought-induced decrease in water potential and increase in ABA content in flowers and pods at critical developmental stage (3-5 DAA) contribute to pod abortion in soybean.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress during flowering and early pod expansion decreases pod set in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Drought stress occurring during flowering and early pod expansione1
- Outcome
- pod sete1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“Drought stress occurring during flowering and early pod expansion decreases pod set in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In Expt. I, pod set and seed number per pod were unaffected by drought stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Outcome
- pod set and seed number per pode1
- Direction
- unaffectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“In Expt. I, pod set and seed number per pod was unaffected by drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield and individual seed weight were significantly decreased by drought.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- droughte1
- Outcome
- seed yield and individual seed weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“seed yield and individual seed weight was significantly decreased by drought”
Claim · model-written summary
In Expt. II, re-watering droughted plants at 3-5 DAA significantly reduced pod set and seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- re-watering the droughted plants at 3-5 DAAe1
- Outcome
- pod set and seed yielde1
- Direction
- reductionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“significant reductions in pod set and seed yield were observed when re-watering the droughted plants at 3-5 DAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Re-watering droughted plants later than 3-5 DAA resulted in a similar pod set.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- re-watering the droughted plants later than this stagee1
- Outcome
- pod sete1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- this stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“re-watering the droughted plants later than this stage resulted in a similar pod set”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased turgor in leaves at 3 DAA.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“Turgor was decreased in leaves by drought 3 DAA, but remained at control levels in flowers and pods”
Claim · model-written summary
Turgor in flowers and pods remained at control levels under drought at 3 DAA.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- flowers and podse1
- Treatment
- droughte1
- Outcome
- Turgore1
- Direction
- remained at control levelse1
- Comparator
- control levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“Turgor was decreased in leaves by drought 3 DAA, but remained at control levels in flowers and pods”
Claim · model-written summary
Water potential in flowers and pods was always lower than leaf water potential.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- flowers and podse2
- Outcome
- water potentiale2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- leaf water potentiale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e2“The water potential in the flowers and pods was always lower than the leaf water potential”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe drought at 10 DAA increased xylem ABA about 60-fold relative to well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- xyleme1
- Treatment
- severely droughted plants (10 DAA)e1
- Outcome
- xylem [ABA]e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- about 60-folde1
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“Compared with well-watered plants, in severely droughted plants (10 DAA), xylem [ABA] increased about 60-fold; leaf [ABA] increased 9-fold; pod [ABA] increased 6-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe drought at 10 DAA increased leaf ABA 9-fold relative to well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- severely droughted plants (10 DAA)e1
- Outcome
- leaf [ABA]e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 9-folde1
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“Compared with well-watered plants, in severely droughted plants (10 DAA), xylem [ABA] increased about 60-fold; leaf [ABA] increased 9-fold; pod [ABA] increased 6-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe drought at 10 DAA increased pod ABA 6-fold relative to well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- pode1
- Treatment
- severely droughted plants (10 DAA)e1
- Outcome
- pod [ABA]e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 6-folde1
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“Compared with well-watered plants, in severely droughted plants (10 DAA), xylem [ABA] increased about 60-fold; leaf [ABA] increased 9-fold; pod [ABA] increased 6-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
During soil drying, flower and pod ABA was linearly correlated with xylem and leaf ABA.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil dryinge1
- Outcome
- flower and pod [ABA]e1
- Qualifier
- linearly correlatede1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“During soil drying, flower and pod [ABA] was linearly correlated with xylem [ABA] and leaf [ABA]”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-originated ABA and/or leaf ABA were the likely sources of ABA accumulated in flowers and pods.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- flowers and podse1
- Compound
- root-originated ABAe1
- Outcome
- ABA accumulated in the flowers and podse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“indicating that root-originated ABA and/or leaf ABA were the likely sources of ABA accumulated in the flowers and pods”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-induced decrease in water potential and increase in ABA content in flowers and pods at 3-5 DAA contribute to pod abortion in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- flowers and podse1
- Compound
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- pod abortione1
- Qualifier
- at critical developmental stage (3-5 DAA)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e1“drought-induced decrease in water potential and increase in ABA content in flowers and pods at critical developmental stage (3-5 DAA) contribute to pod abortion in soybean”
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