Abstract
Plant hormones have become appropriate candidates for driving functional plant mycorrhization programs, including the processes that regulate the formation of arbuscules in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Here, we examine the role played by ABA/GA interactions regulating the formation of AM in tomato. We report differences in ABA and GA metabolism between control and mycorrhizal roots. Active synthesis and catabolism of ABA occur in AM roots. GAs level increases as a consequence of a symbiosis-induced mechanism that requires functional arbuscules which in turn is dependent on a functional ABA pathway. A negative interaction in their metabolism has been demonstrated. ABA attenuates GA-biosynthetic and increases GA-catabolic gene expression leading to a reduction in bioactive GAs. Vice versa, GA activated ABA catabolism mainly in mycorrhizal roots. The negative impact of GA3 on arbuscule abundance in wild-type plants is partially offset by treatment with ABA and the application of a GA biosynthesis inhibitor rescued the arbuscule abundance in the ABA-deficient sitiens mutant. These findings, coupled with the evidence that ABA application leads to reduce bioactive GA1, support the hypothesis that ABA could act modifying bioactive GA level to regulate AM. Taken together, our results suggest that these hormones perform essential functions and antagonize each other by oppositely regulating AM formation in tomato roots.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
ABA and GA metabolism differed between control and mycorrhizal tomato roots.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- ABA and GA metabolisme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“differences in ABA and GA metabolism between control and mycorrhizal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA was actively synthesized and catabolized in mycorrhizal tomato roots.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- AM rootse0
- Outcome
- Active synthesis and catabolism of ABAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Active synthesis and catabolism of ABA occur in AM roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA levels rose in tomato roots through a symbiosis-induced process requiring functional arbuscules and an ABA pathway.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- GAs levele0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- functional arbusculese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“GAs level increases as a consequence of a symbiosis-induced mechanism that requires functional arbuscules which in turn is dependent on a functional ABA pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA attenuated GA biosynthetic gene expression in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- GA-biosynthetice0
- Direction
- attenuatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“ABA attenuates GA-biosynthetic and increases GA-catabolic gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased GA catabolic gene expression in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- GA-catabolic gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“ABA attenuates GA-biosynthetic and increases GA-catabolic gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA reduced bioactive GA levels in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- bioactive GAse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- leading to a reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“leading to a reduction in bioactive GAs”
Claim · model-written summary
GA activated ABA catabolism mainly in mycorrhizal tomato roots.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- mycorrhizal rootse0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- ABA catabolisme0
- Direction
- activatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“GA activated ABA catabolism mainly in mycorrhizal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA treatment partly offset the negative effect of GA3 on arbuscule abundance in wild-type tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- wild-type plantse0
- Treatment
- treatment with ABAe0
- Outcome
- arbuscule abundancee0
- Direction
- partially offsete0
- Comparator
- GA3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The negative impact of GA3 on arbuscule abundance in wild-type plants is partially offset by treatment with ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
A GA biosynthesis inhibitor restored arbuscule abundance in ABA-deficient sitiens tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- sitiens mutante0
- Treatment
- application of a GA biosynthesis inhibitore0
- Outcome
- arbuscule abundancee0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“the application of a GA biosynthesis inhibitor rescued the arbuscule abundance in the ABA-deficient sitiens mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application reduced bioactive GA1 in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione0
- Outcome
- bioactive GA1e0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“ABA application leads to reduce bioactive GA1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that ABA modifies bioactive GA to regulate arbuscular mycorrhiza formation in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- AMe0
- Qualifier
- modifying bioactive GA levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“ABA could act modifying bioactive GA level to regulate AM”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.