Abstract
The high cost of coating materials prevents the wide use of controlled release urea (CRU). A large size polymer‐coated tablet urea (PCTU) can be produced with <30% of coating materials used for traditional size of CRUs. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of a PCTU produced in our laboratory on root growth, grain yield, and N use efficiency on rice ( Oryza sativa L.) grown in a silt loam soil during two growing seasons. The PCTU, regular CRU and urea formaldehyde (UF) were applied into the soil one time before transplanting at the rate of 0.93 g N pot −1 , while the conventional urea (U) treatment was applied three times in the tillering (40%), jointing (30%), and heading stages (30%). The results showed that the PCTU treatment produced higher root vigor, peroxidase activity, and yield of rice than the U treatment. There was no significant difference in plant height, SPAD value, growth indexes of plant shoot and root of rice among the PCTU and U treatments in the rice tillering stage, but splitting applications of U at tillering, jointing, and heading stages costs more for labor and machinery than applying once for PCTU. The PCTU treatment increased the yield of grain and total N use efficiency more than the U, CRU, and UF treatments did, but the UF treatment produced the highest yield and N use efficiency of straw.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
PCTU increased rice root vigor and peroxidase activity relative to conventional urea.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- PCTU treatmente0
- Outcome
- root vigor, peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- U treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the PCTU treatment produced higher root vigor, peroxidase activity, and yield of rice than the U treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
PCTU produced higher rice yield than conventional urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PCTU treatmente0
- Outcome
- yield of ricee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- U treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the PCTU treatment produced higher root vigor, peroxidase activity, and yield of rice than the U treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
At tillering, PCTU and conventional urea did not differ significantly in height, SPAD value or shoot and root growth indexes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice tillering stagee0
- Treatment
- PCTUe0
- Outcome
- plant height, SPAD value, growth indexes of plant shoot and roote0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- U treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in plant height, SPAD value, growth indexes of plant shoot and root of rice among the PCTU and U treatments in the rice tillering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Split conventional urea applications required more labor and machinery cost than a single PCTU application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- labor and machinerye0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- PCTUe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“splitting applications of U at tillering, jointing, and heading stages costs more for labor and machinery than applying once for PCTU.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PCTU increased grain yield more than U, CRU and UF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PCTU treatmente0
- Outcome
- yield of graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- U, CRU, and UF treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PCTU treatment increased the yield of grain and total N use efficiency more than the U, CRU, and UF treatments did”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PCTU increased total nitrogen use efficiency more than U, CRU and UF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PCTU treatmente0
- Outcome
- total N use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- U, CRU, and UF treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PCTU treatment increased the yield of grain and total N use efficiency more than the U, CRU, and UF treatments did”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UF gave the highest straw yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UF treatmente0
- Outcome
- yield and N use efficiency of strawe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the UF treatment produced the highest yield and N use efficiency of straw.”
t0“Rice”
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