Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) plants flower over an extended period. Fruit (silique) maturation is not concentrated, and seeds from many stages of development are combined into single seed lots during mechanical harvesting. Broccoli seed harvest could be optimized if the stage of development that produced the most viable and vigorous seeds was known. The viability and vigour of broccoli seeds before and after drying was examined from 14 to 56 days after pollination (DAP) in a greenhouse. Seed development at stylar and basal ends of the silique was also compared. Seeds from different stages of development were primed (controlled hydration followed by redrying) to determine whether priming improved the vigour of immature seeds. Maximum seed dry weight was attained 42 DAP, and maximum germination percentage was attained 56 and 42 DAP for fresh (non-dried) and dried or primed seeds, respectively. The maximum germination rate was attained 49 DAP for all treatments. There was no difference in viability or germination rate of seeds developing in the stylar or basal positions of the silique. Rapid drying increased viability of 35 and 42 DAP seeds in comparison to fresh seeds. Large seeds did not germinate faster than small seeds, but produced seedlings with greater dry weight. Priming increased the germination percentage at 42 DAP and germination rates of immature (i.e., ≤ 42 DAP) seeds and small, but not large, mature seeds. Priming caused developing seeds to germinate similar to more mature seeds and may improve the vigour of immature seeds in mechanically harvested seed lots.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli seeds reached maximum dry weight at 42 days after pollination.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Outcome
- Maximum seed dry weighte0
- Value
- 42 DAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum seed dry weight was attained 42 DAP”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh broccoli seeds reached maximum germination percentage at 56 days after pollination.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- maximum germination percentagee0
- Value
- 56e0
- Qualifier
- fresh (non-dried)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum germination percentage was attained 56 and 42 DAP for fresh (non-dried) and dried or primed seeds, respectively.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried or primed broccoli seeds reached maximum germination percentage at 42 days after pollination.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- maximum germination percentagee0
- Value
- 42 DAPe0
- Qualifier
- dried or primed seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum germination percentage was attained 56 and 42 DAP for fresh (non-dried) and dried or primed seeds, respectively.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum germination rate occurred at 49 days after pollination for all treatments.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- maximum germination ratee0
- Value
- 49 DAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum germination rate was attained 49 DAP for all treatments.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Stylar and basal seed positions did not differ in viability or germination rate.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Organ / stage
- stylar or basal positions of the siliquee0
- Outcome
- viability or germination ratee0
- Direction
- no differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no difference in viability or germination rate of seeds developing in the stylar or basal positions of the silique.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid drying increased viability of 35-day broccoli seeds versus fresh seeds.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Rapid dryinge0
- Outcome
- viabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 35 and 42 DAP seedse0
- Comparator
- fresh seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rapid drying increased viability of 35 and 42 DAP seeds in comparison to fresh seeds.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Large broccoli seeds did not germinate faster than small seeds.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Large seedse0
- Outcome
- germinate fastere0
- Direction
- did note0
- Comparator
- small seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Large seeds did not germinate faster than small seeds”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Large broccoli seeds produced seedlings with greater dry weight than small seeds.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Large seedse0
- Outcome
- seedlings with greater dry weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- small seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Large seeds did not germinate faster than small seeds, but produced seedlings with greater dry weight.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased germination percentage at 42 days after pollination.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Priminge0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 42 DAPe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Priming increased the germination percentage at 42 DAP”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased germination rates of immature seeds.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Priminge0
- Outcome
- germination ratese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- immature (i.e., ≤ 42 DAP) seedse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Priming increased the germination percentage at 42 DAP and germination rates of immature (i.e., ≤ 42 DAP) seeds”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming increased germination rates of small mature seeds.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- germination ratese0
- Qualifier
- small, but not large, mature seedse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination rates of immature (i.e., ≤ 42 DAP) seeds and small, but not large, mature seeds.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming did not increase germination rates of large mature seeds.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- germination ratese0
- Qualifier
- large, mature seedse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination rates of immature (i.e., ≤ 42 DAP) seeds and small, but not large, mature seeds.”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming made developing seeds germinate similarly to more mature seeds.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Priminge0
- Outcome
- developing seeds to germinate similare0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- more mature seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Priming caused developing seeds to germinate similar to more mature seeds”
t0“broccoli”
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.