Abstract
The beneficial effects of direct predation by zoophytophagous biological control agents (BCAs), such as the mirid bug Nesidiocoris tenuis, are well-known. However, the benefits of zoophytophagous BCAs' relation with host plants, via induction of plant defensive responses, have not been investigated until recently. To date, only the females of certain zoophytophagous BCAs have been demonstrated to induce defensive plant responses in tomato plants. The aim of this work was to determine whether nymphs, adult females, and adult males of N. tenuis are able to induce defense responses in tomato plants. Compared to undamaged tomato plants (i.e., not exposed to the mirid), plants on which young or mature nymphs, or adult males or females of N. tenuis fed and developed were less attractive to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, but were more attractive to the parasitoid Encarsia formosa. Female-exposed plants were more repellent to B. tabaci and more attractive to E. formosa than were male-exposed plants. When comparing young- and mature-nymph-exposed plants, the same level of repellence was obtained for B. tabaci, but mature-nymph-exposed plants were more attractive to E. formosa. The repellent effect is attributed to the signaling pathway of abscisic acid, which is upregulated in N. tenuis-exposed plants, whereas the parasitoid attraction was attributed to the activation of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that all motile stages of N. tenuis can trigger defensive responses in tomato plants, although these responses may be slightly different depending on the stage considered.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to each tested N. tenuis stage made tomato plants less attractive to B. tabaci than undamaged plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- young or mature nymphs, or adult males or females of N. tenuise0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci
Bemisia tabacie0pest - Second interactor
- N. tenuis
Nesidiocoris tenuise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- attractive to the whitefly Bemisia tabacie0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- undamaged tomato plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to undamaged tomato plants (i.e., not exposed to the mirid), plants on which young or mature nymphs, or adult males or females of N. tenuis fed and developed were less attractive to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, but were more attractive to the parasitoid Encarsia formosa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to each tested N. tenuis stage made tomato plants more attractive to E. formosa than undamaged plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- young or mature nymphs, or adult males or females of N. tenuise0
- Interactor
- Encarsia formosa
Encarsia formosae0biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- N. tenuisNesidiocoris tenuise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- attractive to the parasitoid Encarsia formosae0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- undamaged tomato plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to undamaged tomato plants (i.e., not exposed to the mirid), plants on which young or mature nymphs, or adult males or females of N. tenuis fed and developed were less attractive to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, but were more attractive to the parasitoid Encarsia formosa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Female-exposed plants repelled B. tabaci more than male-exposed plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- Female-exposede0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- repellent to B. tabacie0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- male-exposed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Female-exposed plants were more repellent to B. tabaci and more attractive to E. formosa than were male-exposed plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Female-exposed plants attracted E. formosa more than male-exposed plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- Female-exposede0
- Interactor
- E. formosaEncarsia formosae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- attractive to E. formosae0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- male-exposed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Female-exposed plants were more repellent to B. tabaci and more attractive to E. formosa than were male-exposed plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Young and mature nymph exposure produced the same repellence to B. tabaci.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- young-e0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- repellencee0
- Direction
- same levele0
- Comparator
- mature-nymph-exposed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When comparing young- and mature-nymph-exposed plants, the same level of repellence was obtained for B. tabaci, but mature-nymph-exposed plants were more attractive to E. formosa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature nymph exposure made plants more attractive to E. formosa than young nymph exposure.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- mature-nymph-exposed plantse0
- Interactor
- E. formosaEncarsia formosae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- attractive to E. formosae0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- young-e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When comparing young- and mature-nymph-exposed plants, the same level of repellence was obtained for B. tabaci, but mature-nymph-exposed plants were more attractive to E. formosa.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute repulsion to upregulated abscisic acid signaling.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Interactor
- N. tenuisNesidiocoris tenuise0biocontrol_agent
- Compound
- abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- repellent effecte0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The repellent effect is attributed to the signaling pathway of abscisic acid, which is upregulated in N. tenuis-exposed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute parasitoid attraction to jasmonic acid signaling activation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the parasitoid attraction was attributed to the activation of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway.”
The same questions in other papers
Nesidiocoris tenuis · Bemisia tabaci · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.