Abstract
Apple ( Malux × domestica Borkh., cv. Fuji) fruit were harvested from two California orchards 190 and 210 days after full bloom and from an additional three orchards at 190 days after full bloom. Fruit were immediately exposed to 20 or 50 kPa CO 2 in air at 20 °C. Area of flesh browning and tissue ethanol, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate concentrations for individual fruit were determined immediately before exposure and after 3 and 7 days (20 kPa) or 1 and 3 days (50 kPa) exposure to CO 2 . Area of flesh browning and concentrations of all compounds increased with increasing duration of exposure to high CO 2 , were greater in response to 50 kPa than to 20 kPa CO 2 , and were greater for fruit harvested later in the season. For individual orchards and for individual fruit within most orchards, greater flesh browning was associated with higher acetaldehyde concentrations after 7 days exposure to 20 kPa CO 2 or 3 days exposure to 50 kPa CO 2 . Similarly, flesh browning was positively correlated with ethanol concentrations after 7 days at 20 kPa CO 2 , but was not related to tissue ethyl acetate concentrations at either CO 2 partial pressure. However, higher production of ethanol, acetaldehyde, or ethyl acetate relative to flesh browning occurred during exposure to 50 kPa than to 20 kPa CO 2 . This suggests that the relationship between accumulation of these compounds and CO 2 -induced flesh browning in `Fuji' is not simply causal.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Flesh browning and volatile concentrations increased with exposure duration, carbon dioxide pressure, and later harvest.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- Fujie0
- Treatment
- high CO 2e1
- Outcome
- Area of flesh browning and concentrations of all compoundse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- 20 kPa CO 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple ( Malux × domestica Borkh., cv. Fuji) fruit”
e1“Area of flesh browning and concentrations of all compounds increased with increasing duration of exposure to high CO 2 , were greater in response to 50 kPa than to 20 kPa CO 2 , and were greater for fruit harvested later in the season.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater flesh browning was associated with higher acetaldehyde concentration.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0
- Compound
- acetaldehydee1
- Outcome
- flesh browninge1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Qualifier
- after 7 days exposure to 20 kPa CO 2 or 3 days exposure to 50 kPa CO 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple ( Malux × domestica Borkh., cv. Fuji) fruit”
e1“greater flesh browning was associated with higher acetaldehyde concentrations after 7 days exposure to 20 kPa CO 2 or 3 days exposure to 50 kPa CO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Flesh browning correlated positively with ethanol concentration after seven days at 20 kPa carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0
- Compound
- ethanole1
- Outcome
- flesh browninge1
- Direction
- positively correlatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple ( Malux × domestica Borkh., cv. Fuji) fruit”
e1“flesh browning was positively correlated with ethanol concentrations after 7 days at 20 kPa CO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Flesh browning was unrelated to tissue ethyl acetate concentration.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0
- Compound
- ethyl acetatee1
- Outcome
- tissue ethyl acetate concentrationse1
- Direction
- not relatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple ( Malux × domestica Borkh., cv. Fuji) fruit”
e1“was not related to tissue ethyl acetate concentrations at either CO 2 partial pressure”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatile production relative to browning was higher at 50 than 20 kPa carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- production of ethanol, acetaldehyde, or ethyl acetate relative to flesh browninge1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- 20 kPa CO 2e1
- Setting
- 50 kPae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple ( Malux × domestica Borkh., cv. Fuji) fruit”
e1“higher production of ethanol, acetaldehyde, or ethyl acetate relative to flesh browning occurred during exposure to 50 kPa than to 20 kPa CO 2”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
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See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.