Abstract
Background and Aims Aluminium (Al) toxicity is a limiting factor for plant growth and crop production in acidic soils. Citrate exudation and activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase are involved in soybean responses to Al stress. Auxin has crucial functions in plant growth and stress responses. However, little is known about possible interactions between auxin and citrate exudation under Al stress. In this study, we elucidated the regulatory roles of IAA in Al-induced citrate exudation in soybean roots. Methods We measured IAA content, Al concentration, citrate exudation, plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, expression of the relevant genes and phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase by integrating physiological characterization and molecular analysis using hydroponically grown soybean. Key Results The concentration of IAA was increased by 25 and 50 μm Al, but decreased to the control level at 200 μm Al. External addition of 50 μm IAA to the root medium containing 25, 50 or 200 μm Al decreased root Al concentration and stimulated Al-induced citrate exudation and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that exogenous IAA enhanced the expression of citrate exudation transporter (GmMATE) but not the plasma membrane H+-ATPase gene. The western blot results suggested that IAA enhanced phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase under Al stress. Conclusions Auxin enhanced Al-induced citrate exudation through upregulation of GmMATE and an increase in phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in soybean roots.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium at 25 and 50 μm increased the IAA concentration.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- 25 and 50 μm Ale1
- Outcome
- The concentration of IAAe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean roots”
e1“The concentration of IAA was increased by 25 and 50 μm Al”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 μm Al, the IAA concentration decreased to the control level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 200 μm Ale2
- Outcome
- The concentration of IAAe1
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- control levele2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean roots”
e1“The concentration of IAA was increased by 25 and 50 μm Al”
e2“but decreased to the control level at 200 μm Al”
Claim · model-written summary
External IAA decreased root Al concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 50 μm IAAe3
- Outcome
- root Al concentratione3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean roots”
e3“External addition of 50 μm IAA to the root medium containing 25, 50 or 200 μm Al decreased root Al concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
External IAA stimulated Al-induced citrate exudation and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 50 μm IAAe3
- Outcome
- Al-induced citrate exudation and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activitye4
- Direction
- stimulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean roots”
e3“External addition of 50 μm IAA to the root medium containing 25, 50 or 200 μm Al decreased root Al concentration”
e4“stimulated Al-induced citrate exudation and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous IAA enhanced expression of the citrate exudation transporter GmMATE.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous IAAe5
- Gene
- GmMATEe5
- Outcome
- expression of citrate exudation transportere5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean roots”
e5“exogenous IAA enhanced the expression of citrate exudation transporter (GmMATE)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous IAA did not enhance expression of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase gene.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- exogenous IAAe5
- Gene
- plasma membrane H+-ATPasee6
- Outcome
- the plasma membrane H+-ATPase genee6
- Direction
- but note6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean roots”
e5“exogenous IAA enhanced the expression of citrate exudation transporter (GmMATE)”
e6“but not the plasma membrane H+-ATPase gene”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA enhanced phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase under Al stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- IAAe7
- Gene
- plasma membrane H+-ATPasee7
- Outcome
- phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPasee7
- Direction
- enhancede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean roots”
e7“The western blot results suggested that IAA enhanced phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase under Al stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin enhances Al-induced citrate exudation through upregulation of GmMATE and increased phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Auxine1
- Gene
- GmMATEe1
- Outcome
- Al-induced citrate exudatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean roots”
e1“Auxin enhanced Al-induced citrate exudation through upregulation of GmMATE and an increase in phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in soybean roots”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.