Abstract
Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ‘Centurk’) was greatly reduced by Ca 2+ in the carrier solution. Addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) restored glyphosate phytotoxicity in hard water and increased phytotoxicity in deionized water. The phytotoxicity of 0.1 kg ae/ha glyphosate plus 1.0% (w/v) EDTA was equal to that observed for 0.2 kg/ha of the herbicide alone in deionized water or 0.4 kg/ha in water containing 200 ppm Ca 2+ . EDTA was more compatible with glyphosate in combination with X-77 or MON-0011 nonionic surfactant than with cationic surfactant (contained in a commercial formulation). Phytotoxicity could be increased by adding EDTA and nonionic surfactant to the latter formulation. EDTA increased glyphosate phytotoxicity to wheat when applied in water that contained high levels of calcium and bicarbonate. Glyphosate activity was greater at pH 4 than at pH 6 or 10, but EDTA was equally effective at pH 4, 6, or 10 for all levels of calcium tested up to 800 ppm. NaHCO 3 probably reduced phytotoxicity by increasing the pH of the glyphosate solution.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium in the carrier solution greatly reduced glyphosate phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- ‘Centurk’e0
- Treatment
- Ca 2+ in the carrier solutione0
- Outcome
- Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- greatly reducede0
- Setting
- greenhouse-growne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ‘Centurk’) was greatly reduced by Ca 2+ in the carrier solution”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA restored glyphosate phytotoxicity in hard water.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)e0
- Outcome
- glyphosate phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Qualifier
- hard watere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) restored glyphosate phytotoxicity in hard water”
e1“phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA increased glyphosate phytotoxicity in deionized water.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)e1
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- deionized watere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased phytotoxicity in deionized water”
e1“Addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)”
e2“phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 0.1 kg ae/ha with 1.0% EDTA had equal phytotoxicity to 0.2 kg/ha glyphosate alone in deionized water.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 0.1 kg ae/ha glyphosate plus 1.0% (w/v) EDTAe0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- equal toe0
- Comparator
- 0.2 kg/ha of the herbicide alone in deionized watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytotoxicity of 0.1 kg ae/ha glyphosate plus 1.0% (w/v) EDTA was equal to that observed for 0.2 kg/ha of the herbicide alone in deionized water”
e1“phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 0.1 kg ae/ha with 1.0% EDTA had equal phytotoxicity to 0.4 kg/ha glyphosate in water with 200 ppm calcium.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 0.1 kg ae/ha glyphosate plus 1.0% (w/v) EDTAe0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- equal toe0
- Comparator
- 0.4 kg/ha in water containing 200 ppm Ca 2+e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytotoxicity of 0.1 kg ae/ha glyphosate plus 1.0% (w/v) EDTA was equal to that observed for 0.2 kg/ha of the herbicide alone in deionized water or 0.4 kg/ha in water containing 200 ppm Ca 2+”
e1“phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA was more compatible with glyphosate alongside X-77 nonionic surfactant than with cationic surfactant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- X-77e0
- Outcome
- more compatible with glyphosatee0
- Direction
- more compatiblee0
- Comparator
- cationic surfactante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EDTA was more compatible with glyphosate in combination with X-77 or MON-0011 nonionic surfactant than with cationic surfactant”
e1“phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA was more compatible with glyphosate alongside MON-0011 nonionic surfactant than with cationic surfactant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- MON-0011e0
- Outcome
- more compatible with glyphosatee0
- Direction
- more compatiblee0
- Comparator
- cationic surfactante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EDTA was more compatible with glyphosate in combination with X-77 or MON-0011 nonionic surfactant than with cationic surfactant”
e1“phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding EDTA and nonionic surfactant increased phytotoxicity of the commercial formulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- adding EDTA and nonionic surfactante0
- Outcome
- Phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytotoxicity could be increased by adding EDTA and nonionic surfactant to the latter formulation”
e1“phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA increased glyphosate phytotoxicity to wheat in water high in calcium and bicarbonate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- EDTAe0
- Outcome
- glyphosate phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- high levels of calcium and bicarbonatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EDTA increased glyphosate phytotoxicity to wheat when applied in water that contained high levels of calcium and bicarbonate”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate activity was greater at pH 4 than at pH 6 or 10.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- pH 4e0
- Outcome
- Glyphosate activitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- pH 6 or 10e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate activity was greater at pH 4 than at pH 6 or 10”
e1“phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA was equally effective at pH 4, 6 and 10 across tested calcium levels up to 800 ppm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- EDTAe0
- Outcome
- equally effectivee0
- Direction
- equallye0
- Qualifier
- all levels of calcium tested up to 800 ppme0
- Comparator
- pH 4, 6, or 10e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EDTA was equally effective at pH 4, 6, or 10 for all levels of calcium tested up to 800 ppm”
e1“phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed that sodium bicarbonate reduced glyphosate phytotoxicity by increasing solution pH.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- NaHCO 3e0
- Outcome
- reduced phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- increasing the pH of the glyphosate solutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaHCO 3 probably reduced phytotoxicity by increasing the pH of the glyphosate solution”
e1“phytotoxicity to greenhouse-grown wheat”
The same questions in other papers
nonionic surfactant · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
calcium(2+) · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
food additive carrier · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.