Abstract
Since the mid-1980s, a syndrome known as mature watermelon vine decline (MWVD) has had a serious effect on watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus Thunb . ) crops in Southern Indiana. As efforts to identify a pathogen responsible for MWVD have been unsuccessful, we have examined cultural conditions that might contribute to the syndrome. Field conditions were simulated in greenhouse pot trials to assess the impact of one or more factors on watermelon growth. Alone, low organic matter, soil acidity, black plastic mulch, and liming did not significantly affect root fresh weight; however, when these conditions were combined, root fresh weight was significantly reduced. Alanap-treated watermelons in combination with simulated cultural conditions resulted in further reduction of root fresh weight and had symptoms similar to MWVD. Watermelon plants grown in Alanap-treated, aged soil (from the previous year's experiments) under combined deficient cultural conditions demonstrated increased symptoms of MWVD and susceptibility to the pathogens Rhizoctonia and Pythium spp. Alanap, N -1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), is a preemergent herbicide that functions as an inhibitor of auxin efflux and is widely used by watermelon farmers to impede obnoxious weeds. Metabolism of Alanap in planta involves aryl amidases (aminopeptidases) that also function in defense responses. We hypothesize that negative cultural practices are likely to inhibit defense responses and watermelon resistance to residual Alanap, leading to MWVD. We suggest that MWVD incidence is increased by certain common cultural conditions and that the incidence of MWVD can be reduced by altering these cultural practices.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Low organic matter alone did not significantly affect watermelon root fresh weight.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- low organic mattere0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon”
e0“Alone, low organic matter, soil acidity, black plastic mulch, and liming did not significantly affect root fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil acidity alone did not significantly affect watermelon root fresh weight.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- soil aciditye0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon”
e0“Alone, low organic matter, soil acidity, black plastic mulch, and liming did not significantly affect root fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Black plastic mulch alone did not significantly affect watermelon root fresh weight.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- black plastic mulche0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon”
e0“Alone, low organic matter, soil acidity, black plastic mulch, and liming did not significantly affect root fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming alone did not significantly affect watermelon root fresh weight.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- liminge0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon”
e0“Alone, low organic matter, soil acidity, black plastic mulch, and liming did not significantly affect root fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cultural conditions significantly reduced watermelon root fresh weight.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- these conditions were combinede0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon”
e0“when these conditions were combined, root fresh weight was significantly reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Alanap with simulated cultural conditions further reduced watermelon root fresh weight.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Alanap-treated watermelons in combination with simulated cultural conditionse0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon”
e0“Alanap-treated watermelons in combination with simulated cultural conditions resulted in further reduction of root fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Alanap with simulated cultural conditions produced symptoms resembling MWVD.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Alanap-treated watermelons in combination with simulated cultural conditionse0
- Outcome
- symptoms similar to MWVDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon”
e0“Alanap-treated watermelons in combination with simulated cultural conditions resulted in further reduction of root fresh weight and had symptoms similar to MWVD”
Claim · model-written summary
Alanap-treated aged soil under deficient cultural conditions increased MWVD symptoms.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Alanap-treated, aged soile0
- Outcome
- symptoms of MWVDe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon”
e0“Watermelon plants grown in Alanap-treated, aged soil (from the previous year's experiments) under combined deficient cultural conditions demonstrated increased symptoms of MWVD”
Claim · model-written summary
Alanap-treated aged soil under deficient cultural conditions increased susceptibility to Rhizoctonia and Pythium spp.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Alanap-treated, aged soile0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae0pathogen - Outcome
- susceptibility to the pathogens Rhizoctonia and Pythium spp.e0
- Direction
- increasede0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PythiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon”
e0“Watermelon plants grown in Alanap-treated, aged soil (from the previous year's experiments) under combined deficient cultural conditions demonstrated increased symptoms of MWVD and susceptibility to the pathogens Rhizoctonia and Pythium spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that negative cultural practices inhibit defense and resistance to residual Alanap, leading to MWVD.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- negative cultural practicese0
- Outcome
- MWVDe0
- Qualifier
- inhibit defense responses and watermelon resistance to residual Alanape0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon”
e0“We hypothesize that negative cultural practices are likely to inhibit defense responses and watermelon resistance to residual Alanap, leading to MWVD”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest altering cultural practices can reduce MWVD incidence.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- incidence of MWVD can be reduced by altering these cultural practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon”
e0“the incidence of MWVD can be reduced by altering these cultural practices”
The same questions in other papers
organic · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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mulching · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →ph · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.