Abstract
The current emphasis on reducing pesticide use has led to increased interest in alternative weed control methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of hilling, in combination with subsequent interseeding of cover crops, to control weeds in potato and to determine the impact of these actions on potato yield and insects. Each cover crop, either hairy or lana vetch, oats, barley, red clover, or a combination of oats and hairy vetch, was interseeded, following hilling, 3, 4, or 5 wk after planting (WAP). Hilling and interseeding treatments were compared to a no-cover treatment and a chemical standard, metolachlor (1.7 kg ai ha −-1 ) plus linuron (1.7 kg ai ha −-1 ). Cultivation associated with the interseeding operation and cover crops reduced weed density 20 to 27% by 3 wk after interseeding. To prevent excessive competition, cereals interseeded 3 or 4 WAP and vetches interseeded 3 WAP were controlled at a height of 25 to 35 cm using fluazifop (0.22 kg ai ha −-1 ) plus metribuzin (0.28 kg ai ha −-1 ). Because of slow growth, it was necessary to control red clover (interseeded 3 WAP), only in 1996, at a height of 15 cm. Control of cereals resulted in a dead mulch that provided 0 to 95% weed control, whereas legumes regrew after herbicide application and provided 45 to 70% weed control. However, an adequate minimum of 70% weed control was achieved only with the chemical standard, cereals (1995 and 1996), and legumes (1996) interseeded 3 WAP when controlled with herbicides. In a dry season (1995), potato yields were highest with the chemical standard, whereas in a season with adequate precipitation (1996), potato yields equivalent to those of the chemical standard were obtained with early interseeding (3 WAP) of cereals. The observed changes in the densities of potato leafhopper and of its natural enemies were unlikely to have any effect on potato yield because of low overall insect populations. Thus, the results suggest that in good growing conditions, early (3 WAP) interseeding of cover crops supplemented with postemergence herbicides may both suppress weeds with 70% less herbicide (ai ha −-1 ) and provide yields comparable to those associated with conventional potato production.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Interseeding cover crops after hilling reduced weed density by 20 to 27% by 3 weeks after interseeding
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- Cultivation associated with the interseeding operation and cover cropse1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 20 to 27%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cultivation associated with the interseeding operation and cover crops reduced weed density 20 to 27% by 3 wk after interseeding”
t0“potato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal cover crops controlled by herbicide gave 0 to 95% weed control as a dead mulch
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Control of cerealse2
- Interactor
- weede2weed
- Outcome
- weed controle2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 0 to 95%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Control of cereals resulted in a dead mulch that provided 0 to 95% weed control”
t0“potato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Legume cover crops regrown after herbicide application gave 45 to 70% weed control
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- legumes regrew after herbicide applicatione3
- Interactor
- weede3weed
- Outcome
- weed controle3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 45 to 70%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“legumes regrew after herbicide application and provided 45 to 70% weed control”
t0“potato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The chemical standard achieved at least 70% weed control
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- chemical standarde4
- Interactor
- weede4weed
- Outcome
- weed controle4
- Direction
- achievede4
- Value
- 70%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“However, an adequate minimum of 70% weed control was achieved only with the chemical standard, cereals (1995 and 1996), and legumes (1996) interseeded 3 WAP when controlled with herbicides”
t0“potato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereals interseeded 3 WAP and herbicide-controlled achieved at least 70% weed control in 1995 and 1996
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- cereals (1995 and 1996)e4
- Interactor
- weede4weed
- Outcome
- weed controle4
- Direction
- achievede4
- Value
- 70%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“However, an adequate minimum of 70% weed control was achieved only with the chemical standard, cereals (1995 and 1996), and legumes (1996) interseeded 3 WAP when controlled with herbicides”
t0“potato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Legumes interseeded 3 WAP and herbicide-controlled achieved at least 70% weed control in 1996
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- legumes (1996)e4
- Interactor
- weede4weed
- Outcome
- weed controle4
- Direction
- achievede4
- Value
- 70%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“However, an adequate minimum of 70% weed control was achieved only with the chemical standard, cereals (1995 and 1996), and legumes (1996) interseeded 3 WAP when controlled with herbicides”
t0“potato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical standard gave the highest potato yields in the 1995 dry season
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- chemical standarde5
- Outcome
- potato yieldse5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Setting
- dry season (1995)e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In a dry season (1995), potato yields were highest with the chemical standard”
t0“potato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Early interseeding of cereals gave potato yields equivalent to the chemical standard in the 1996 season with adequate precipitation
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- early interseeding (3 WAP) of cerealse6
- Outcome
- potato yieldse6
- Direction
- equivalente6
- Comparator
- chemical standarde6
- Setting
- adequate precipitation (1996)e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“in a season with adequate precipitation (1996), potato yields equivalent to those of the chemical standard were obtained with early interseeding (3 WAP) of cereals”
t0“potato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in potato leafhopper and natural enemy densities were unlikely to affect potato yield
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- potato leafhoppere7pest
- Second interactor
- natural enemiese7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- potato yielde7
- Qualifier
- because of low overall insect populationse7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The observed changes in the densities of potato leafhopper and of its natural enemies were unlikely to have any effect on potato yield because of low overall insect populations”
t0“potato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Early interseeding of cover crops with postemergence herbicides may suppress weeds with 70% less herbicide
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- early (3 WAP) interseeding of cover crops supplemented with postemergence herbicidese5
- Outcome
- suppress weeds with 70% less herbicidee5
- Value
- 70% less herbicidee5
- Qualifier
- in good growing conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“early (3 WAP) interseeding of cover crops supplemented with postemergence herbicides may both suppress weeds with 70% less herbicide”
e6“in good growing conditions”
t0“potato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Early interseeding with herbicides may give potato yields comparable to conventional production in good growing conditions
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- early (3 WAP) interseeding of cover crops supplemented with postemergence herbicidese5
- Outcome
- yieldse6
- Direction
- comparablee6
- Qualifier
- in good growing conditionse7
- Comparator
- conventional potato productione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“early (3 WAP) interseeding of cover crops supplemented with postemergence herbicides may both suppress weeds with 70% less herbicide”
e6“provide yields comparable to those associated with conventional potato production”
e7“in good growing conditions”
t0“potato yield”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.