Abstract
Abstract c,t -Abscisic acid (ABA) was identified in methanol extracts of mature apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and concentrations of both free and base-hydrolyzable (bound) ABA in immature and mature seeds were quantified by electron capture gas chromatography. Immature embryos failed to germinate regardless of time of sampling unless seed coats were removed. Germination of excised embryos reached a maximum in early August, then gradually declined to nil in mid-September. Although ABA content of the embryonic axes rose sharply at maturity, the rise occurred only after germination capacity declined. Premature defoliation reduced ABA content of the axes, but did not prevent the induction of embryo dormancy. ABA content of mature seeds declined during stratification at both 5° and 20°C, with maximum differences occurring in the embryonic axis, but dormancy was broken only at 5°. Induction of secondary dormancy by high temperature (27°) was accompanied by a slight decline in ABA content of whole seeds.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
ABA was identified in mature apple seeds.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Organ / stage
- mature apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) seedse0
- Outcome
- Abscisic acid (ABA)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abscisic acid (ABA) was identified in methanol extracts of mature apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Immature apple embryos failed to germinate unless seed coats were removed.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- Immature embryose0
- Treatment
- seed coats were removede0
- Outcome
- failed to germinatee0
- Comparator
- Immature embryose0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immature embryos failed to germinate regardless of time of sampling unless seed coats were removed”
e1“mature apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of excised embryos peaked in early August.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- Germination of excised embryose0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- early Auguste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of excised embryos reached a maximum in early August”
e1“mature apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of excised embryos declined to nil by mid-September.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Outcome
- Germination of excised embryose1
- Direction
- declinede0
- Qualifier
- mid-Septembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“then gradually declined to nil in mid-September”
e1“Germination of excised embryos reached a maximum in early August”
e2“mature apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryonic-axis ABA rose at maturity after germination capacity had declined.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- embryonic axese0
- Outcome
- ABA content of the embryonic axese0
- Direction
- rose sharplye0
- Qualifier
- only after germination capacity declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA content of the embryonic axes rose sharply at maturity, the rise occurred only after germination capacity declined”
e1“mature apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Premature defoliation reduced axis ABA content.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Premature defoliatione0
- Outcome
- ABA content of the axese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Premature defoliation reduced ABA content of the axes, but did not prevent the induction of embryo dormancy”
e1“mature apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Premature defoliation did not prevent embryo dormancy.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Premature defoliatione0
- Outcome
- induction of embryo dormancye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Premature defoliation reduced ABA content of the axes, but did not prevent the induction of embryo dormancy”
e1“mature apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA in mature seeds declined during stratification at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- stratification at both 5° and 20°Ce0
- Outcome
- ABA content of mature seedse0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA content of mature seeds declined during stratification at both 5° and 20°C”
e1“mature apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Dormancy was broken only under 5° stratification.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- 5°e0
- Outcome
- dormancy was brokene0
- Comparator
- 20°Ce1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy was broken only at 5°”
e1“stratification at both 5° and 20°C”
e2“mature apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
High-temperature induction of secondary dormancy accompanied a slight decline in whole-seed ABA.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- high temperature (27°)e0
- Outcome
- ABA content of whole seedse0
- Direction
- declinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Induction of secondary dormancy by high temperature (27°) was accompanied by a slight decline in ABA content of whole seeds”
e1“mature apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · molecular: expression · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.