Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 1992 to 1993 and in 1995 to 1996 in Ibadan, Nigeria, to assess the effect of velvetbean and herbicides on maize (corn) and cogongrass growth and to assess regrowth of the weed 1 yr after treatment. In 1992 and 1995 cover cropping with velvetbean and imazapyr and glyphosate application reduced cogongrass density as much as the handweeded control. The smothering effect of velvetbean was equivalent to that of glyphosate at 1.8 kg/ha but was less than imazapyr even at the lowest rate of 0.5 kg/ha. Addition of adjuvant did not improve the efficacy of either herbicide. Maize grain yield was higher in velvetbean plots than in fallow plots dominated by cogongrass. Velvetbean and herbicide effects on cogongrass 1 yr later (1993 and 1996) followed a similar trend as observed in the year of application. Annual weed density was highest in glyphosate plots, followed by imazapyr, and least in plots previously seeded to velvetbean. Maize grain yield was higher in herbicide plots (average yield of 3,170 and 1,920 kg/ha in 1993 and 1996, respectively) than in velvetbean plots (2,800 to 1,180 kg/ha in 1993 and 1996, respectively) and handweeded plots (2,890 and 723 kg/ha in 1993 and 1996, respectively). In 1996 the lowest maize yield was in handweeded plots without velvetbean, suggesting that weeding four times suppressed cogongrass density and biomass, but was not sufficient to minimize the subsequent competition from annual weeds. Uncontrolled cogongrass reduced maize yield to zero. These studies suggest that planting velvetbean for cogongrass control may be a better alternative for farmers without the resources to purchase herbicides.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetbean reduced cogongrass density as much as handweeding.
- Treatment
- cover cropping with velvetbeane0
- Interactor
- cogongrasse0weed
- Outcome
- cogongrass densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- handweeded controle0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1992 and 1995 cover cropping with velvetbean and imazapyr and glyphosate application reduced cogongrass density as much as the handweeded control.”
e1“effect of velvetbean and herbicides on maize (corn) and cogongrass growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides reduced cogongrass density as much as handweeding.
- Treatment
- imazapyr and glyphosate applicatione0
- Interactor
- cogongrasse0weed
- Outcome
- cogongrass densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- handweeded controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1992 and 1995 cover cropping with velvetbean and imazapyr and glyphosate application reduced cogongrass density as much as the handweeded control.”
e1“effect of velvetbean and herbicides on maize (corn) and cogongrass growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetbean smothering matched glyphosate at 1.8 kg/ha.
- Treatment
- velvetbeane0
- Interactor
- velvetbean
.jpg?width=60)
Mucuna pruriens var. utilise0other - Outcome
- smothering effecte0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- glyphosate at 1.8 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The smothering effect of velvetbean was equivalent to that of glyphosate at 1.8 kg/ha but was less than imazapyr even at the lowest rate of 0.5 kg/ha.”
e1“effect of velvetbean and herbicides on maize (corn) and cogongrass growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetbean smothering was weaker than imazapyr at 0.5 kg/ha.
- Treatment
- velvetbeane0
- Interactor
- velvetbeanMucuna pruriens var. utilise0other
- Outcome
- smothering effecte0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Comparator
- imazapyr even at the lowest rate of 0.5 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The smothering effect of velvetbean was equivalent to that of glyphosate at 1.8 kg/ha but was less than imazapyr even at the lowest rate of 0.5 kg/ha.”
e1“effect of velvetbean and herbicides on maize (corn) and cogongrass growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Adjuvant did not improve either herbicide’s efficacy.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of adjuvant did not improve the efficacy of either herbicide.”
e1“effect of velvetbean and herbicides on maize (corn) and cogongrass growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield was higher in velvetbean plots than cogongrass-dominated fallow plots.
- Treatment
- velvetbean plotse0
- Interactor
- cogongrasse0weed
- Second interactor
- velvetbeanMucuna pruriens var. utilise0other
- Outcome
- Maize grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- fallow plots dominated by cogongrasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grain yield was higher in velvetbean plots than in fallow plots dominated by cogongrass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetbean and herbicide effects on cogongrass had a similar trend one year later.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Velvetbean and herbicide effects on cogongrass 1 yr later (1993 and 1996) followed a similar trend as observed in the year of application.”
e1“effect of velvetbean and herbicides on maize (corn) and cogongrass growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual weed density was highest after glyphosate and least after velvetbean.
- Interactor
- Annual weede0weed
- Outcome
- Annual weed densitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- followed by imazapyr, and least in plots previously seeded to velvetbeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Annual weed density was highest in glyphosate plots, followed by imazapyr, and least in plots previously seeded to velvetbean.”
e1“effect of velvetbean and herbicides on maize (corn) and cogongrass growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide plots had higher maize yield than velvetbean and handweeded plots.
- Treatment
- herbicide plotse0
- Outcome
- Maize grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3,170 and 1,920 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- velvetbean plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grain yield was higher in herbicide plots (average yield of 3,170 and 1,920 kg/ha in 1993 and 1996, respectively) than in velvetbean plots (2,800 to 1,180 kg/ha in 1993 and 1996, respectively) and handweeded plots (2,890 and 723 kg/ha in 1993 and 1996, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1996, handweeded plots without velvetbean had the lowest maize yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1996 the lowest maize yield was in handweeded plots without velvetbean, suggesting that weeding four times suppressed cogongrass density and biomass, but was not sufficient to minimize the subsequent competition from annual weeds.”
e1“effect of velvetbean and herbicides on maize (corn) and cogongrass growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Uncontrolled cogongrass reduced maize yield to zero.
- Treatment
- Uncontrolled cogongrasse0
- Interactor
- cogongrasse0weed
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- zeroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uncontrolled cogongrass reduced maize yield to zero.”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetbean planting may suit farmers unable to buy herbicides.
- Interactor
- cogongrasse0weed
- Outcome
- planting velvetbean for cogongrass controle0
- Qualifier
- farmers without the resources to purchase herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These studies suggest that planting velvetbean for cogongrass control may be a better alternative for farmers without the resources to purchase herbicides.”
e1“effect of velvetbean and herbicides on maize (corn) and cogongrass growth”
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See all 651 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.