Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) leaves have been used in traditional medicine, including as anthelmintics. Methanolic extracts from these plants were investigated for activity against the southern root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita. Dried, ground powders were prepared from pomegranate fruit rinds and from roselle leaves. In in vitro assays, methanolic extracts from both powders, dried and dissolved in water, inhibited egg hatch and viability of second-stage juveniles (J2). Some of the effect of these extracts on J2 was nematostatic, depending on the extract concentration. The pomegranate extract (pH 3.4 to 3.8) was effective at the tested concentrations of 0.45% to 1.8% (volume extract per volume water), reducing egg hatch up to 93.9%, and killing more than 30% of the J2. Roselle extract concentrations of 4.5% and higher (pH 2.8 to 3.6) suppressed egg hatch by up to 97.4%, and 100% J2 mortality occurred in concentrations of 22.5% and 45.0% extract. Pomegranate and roselle extracts with pH adjusted to higher values (5.9 and 5.0, respectively) were also active against RKN. Pomegranate extract, pH 5.9, resulted in 96.5% to 99.7% egg hatch suppression and 100% J2 mortality at concentrations of 22.5% to 33.8%. Pomegranate fruit rind powder was also tested as a soil amendment in greenhouse trials, and was phytotoxic to cucumber seedlings at application rates of 5.0% and 10.0% (weight dried pomegranate rind/weight dried soil), resulting in plant death. Shoot heights and fresh weights were reduced at 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% powder application rates, and root fresh weights also tended to be lower at these concentrations. The numbers of galls per root system and galls per g root fresh weight were suppressed in the 1.0% application rate. Amendment with pomegranate fruit rind powder resulted in rapid growth of Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus sp. on the soil. Suppression of RKN egg hatch and J2 activity by extracts from pomegranate fruit rinds and roselle leaves indicate that these plant-derived products are potential candidates for future studies of nematode-antagonistic compounds.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate rind powder at 5.0% and 10.0% killed cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumber seedlings
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- Pomegranate fruit rind powdere0
- Outcome
- plant deathe0
- Value
- 5.0% and 10.0%e0
- Setting
- greenhouse trialse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pomegranate fruit rind powder was also tested as a soil amendment in greenhouse trials, and was phytotoxic to cucumber seedlings at application rates of 5.0% and 10.0% (weight dried pomegranate rind/weight dried soil), resulting in plant death”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate rind powder at 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% reduced cucumber shoot height and fresh weight.
- Taxon
- cucumber seedlingsCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Pomegranate fruit rind powdere2
- Outcome
- Shoot heights and fresh weightse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cucumber seedlings”
e1“Shoot heights and fresh weights were reduced at 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% powder application rates”
e2“Pomegranate fruit rind powder”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber root fresh weights tended lower at 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% rind powder.
- Taxon
- cucumber seedlingsCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Pomegranate fruit rind powdere3
- Outcome
- root fresh weightse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0%e2
- Qualifier
- tended to bee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cucumber seedlings”
e1“root fresh weights also tended to be lower at these concentrations”
e2“0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% powder application rates”
e3“Pomegranate fruit rind powder”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.0% rind powder, galls per cucumber root system were suppressed.
- Taxon
- cucumber seedlingsCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Pomegranate fruit rind powdere2
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae3pest - Outcome
- numbers of galls per root systeme1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Value
- 1.0%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“cucumber seedlings”
e1“The numbers of galls per root system and galls per g root fresh weight were suppressed in the 1.0% application rate”
e2“Pomegranate fruit rind powder”
e3“Meloidogyne incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.0% rind powder, galls per gram root fresh weight were suppressed.
- Taxon
- cucumber seedlingsCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Pomegranate fruit rind powdere2
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae3pest
- Outcome
- galls per g root fresh weighte1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Value
- 1.0%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cucumber seedlings”
e1“The numbers of galls per root system and galls per g root fresh weight were suppressed in the 1.0% application rate”
e2“Pomegranate fruit rind powder”
e3“Meloidogyne incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Rind amendment was followed by rapid Rhizopus growth on soil.
- Taxon
- cucumber seedlingsCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- pomegranate fruit rind powdere1
- Outcome
- growth of Rhizopus sp.e1
_spores%2C_which_is_green_using_Light_Microscope%2C_Normal_image_without_any_coloring_or_processing_By_researcher_El_sayed_Al_gayar%2C_Faculty_of_Agriculture_Damietta_University.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
RhizopusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_spores%2C_which_is_green_using_Light_Microscope%2C_Normal_image_without_any_coloring_or_processing_By_researcher_El_sayed_Al_gayar%2C_Faculty_of_Agriculture_Damietta_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“cucumber seedlings”
e1“Amendment with pomegranate fruit rind powder resulted in rapid growth of Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus sp. on the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Rind amendment was followed by rapid Aspergillus growth on soil.
- Taxon
- cucumber seedlingsCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- pomegranate fruit rind powdere1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus sp.
Aspergilluse1other - Outcome
- Aspergillus sp. on the soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cucumber seedlings”
e1“Amendment with pomegranate fruit rind powder resulted in rapid growth of Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus sp. on the soil”
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