Abstract
A study was under taken to elucidate the effect of soil moisture regimes and mulch materials on plant growth, flowering, yield and economics of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) under rain fed mid-hill condition of Uttarakhand during spring-summer seasons of 2010–11 and 2011–12. The experimental findings revealed that summer squash performance was significantly influenced by different soil moisture regimes and mulch materials. Among three soil moisture regimes, 20 to 25% soil moisture level was found to be the best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (73.37 t ha−1), net return (Rs. 5, 68, 705.33 ha−1) and benefit-cost ratio (4.48). Similarly, out of two mulches, black polyethylene mulch was found best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (72.13 t ha−1), net return (Rs.5, 51, 513.67 ha−1) and benefit-cost ratio (4.23). Out of the 9 treatment combinations, S1M1 (20 to 25% soil moisture range under black polyethylene mulch) had recorded maximum yield of 83.80 t ha−1 along with highest net profit of Rs. 6, 61, 439.00 ha−1 and benefit-cost ratio of 4.74, hence, recommended for commercial cultivation in Uttarakhand hills.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
20 to 25% soil moisture level was best among the three soil moisture regimes for plant growth characters.
Verbatim
e0“Among three soil moisture regimes, 20 to 25% soil moisture level was found to be the best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (73.37 t ha−1), net return (Rs. 5, 68, 705.33 ha−1) and benefit-cost ratio (4.48).”
t0“summer squash”
Claim · model-written summary
20 to 25% soil moisture level was best among the three soil moisture regimes for total yield (73.37 t ha−1).
Verbatim
e0“Among three soil moisture regimes, 20 to 25% soil moisture level was found to be the best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (73.37 t ha−1), net return (Rs. 5, 68, 705.33 ha−1) and benefit-cost ratio (4.48).”
t0“summer squash”
Claim · model-written summary
20 to 25% soil moisture level was best among the three soil moisture regimes for net return (Rs. 5, 68, 705.33 ha−1).
Verbatim
e0“Among three soil moisture regimes, 20 to 25% soil moisture level was found to be the best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (73.37 t ha−1), net return (Rs. 5, 68, 705.33 ha−1) and benefit-cost ratio (4.48).”
t0“summer squash”
Claim · model-written summary
20 to 25% soil moisture level was best among the three soil moisture regimes for benefit-cost ratio (4.48).
Verbatim
e0“Among three soil moisture regimes, 20 to 25% soil moisture level was found to be the best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (73.37 t ha−1), net return (Rs. 5, 68, 705.33 ha−1) and benefit-cost ratio (4.48).”
t0“summer squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polyethylene mulch was best among the two mulches for plant growth characters.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, out of two mulches, black polyethylene mulch was found best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (72.13 t ha−1), net return (Rs.5, 51, 513.67 ha−1) and benefit-cost ratio (4.23).”
t0“summer squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polyethylene mulch was best among the two mulches for total yield (72.13 t ha−1).
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, out of two mulches, black polyethylene mulch was found best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (72.13 t ha−1), net return (Rs.5, 51, 513.67 ha−1) and benefit-cost ratio (4.23).”
t0“summer squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polyethylene mulch was best among the two mulches for net return (Rs.5, 51, 513.67 ha−1).
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, out of two mulches, black polyethylene mulch was found best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (72.13 t ha−1), net return (Rs.5, 51, 513.67 ha−1) and benefit-cost ratio (4.23).”
t0“summer squash”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polyethylene mulch was best among the two mulches for benefit-cost ratio (4.23).
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, out of two mulches, black polyethylene mulch was found best with respect to plant growth characters, total yield (72.13 t ha−1), net return (Rs.5, 51, 513.67 ha−1) and benefit-cost ratio (4.23).”
t0“summer squash”
Claim · model-written summary
S1M1 produced maximum yield of 83.80 t ha−1 among nine combinations.
Verbatim
e0“Out of the 9 treatment combinations, S1M1 (20 to 25% soil moisture range under black polyethylene mulch) had recorded maximum yield of 83.80 t ha−1 along with highest net profit of Rs. 6, 61, 439.00 ha−1 and benefit-cost ratio of 4.74, hence, recommended for commercial cultivation in Uttarakhand hills.”
t0“summer squash”
Claim · model-written summary
S1M1 produced highest net profit of Rs. 6, 61, 439.00 ha−1 among nine combinations.
Verbatim
e0“Out of the 9 treatment combinations, S1M1 (20 to 25% soil moisture range under black polyethylene mulch) had recorded maximum yield of 83.80 t ha−1 along with highest net profit of Rs. 6, 61, 439.00 ha−1 and benefit-cost ratio of 4.74, hence, recommended for commercial cultivation in Uttarakhand hills.”
t0“summer squash”
Claim · model-written summary
S1M1 produced highest benefit-cost ratio of 4.74 among nine combinations.
Verbatim
e0“Out of the 9 treatment combinations, S1M1 (20 to 25% soil moisture range under black polyethylene mulch) had recorded maximum yield of 83.80 t ha−1 along with highest net profit of Rs. 6, 61, 439.00 ha−1 and benefit-cost ratio of 4.74, hence, recommended for commercial cultivation in Uttarakhand hills.”
t0“summer squash”
Claim · model-written summary
S1M1 is recommended for commercial cultivation in Uttarakhand hills.
Verbatim
e0“Out of the 9 treatment combinations, S1M1 (20 to 25% soil moisture range under black polyethylene mulch) had recorded maximum yield of 83.80 t ha−1 along with highest net profit of Rs. 6, 61, 439.00 ha−1 and benefit-cost ratio of 4.74, hence, recommended for commercial cultivation in Uttarakhand hills.”
t0“summer squash”
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