Abstract
Boron toxicity is an important disorder that can limit plant growth in arid and semi-arid environments. It has been proven that use of tolerant rootstocks impede B uptake or transport to the aerial portions of plants. This may alleviate B toxicity in the scion, consequently improves the tolerance to excess B in the root zone. An experiment was conducted to find interactive effect of B toxicity and rootstock on vegetative growth, photosynthetic rate and nutrient concentrations of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cv. “Ferragnes” grown in the controlled environment. Three levels of B (0.25, 10, 20 mg/l) from H3BO3 and two almond rootstocks (GF677, Tuono) were factorially combined in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results showed that the higher concentration of B had a significant diminish effects on vegetative and physiological characteristics as well nutrient concentrations of almond. The severity of the adverse effects of boron toxicity varied among rootstocks. Fresh and dry weights of leaf and root, leaf number, leaf area, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll index was decreased with increasing B levels. Increased B levels led to decreased N, NO3-, P, K in the leaves while, B concentrations were increased. The concentration of B in stem was closely related to the development of B toxicity in rootstocks, imply that the mechanism of tolerance to higher B concentration in Tuono is associated with exclusion mechanism such as restrict B transport from root system to aerial parts. Hence, under excess B conditions Tuono can be used as tolerant rootstock for different almond cultivars.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Higher boron levels reduced almond leaf and root fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- almond
Prunus dulcise1 - Treatment
- increasing B levelse0
- Outcome
- Fresh and dry weights of leaf and roote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh and dry weights of leaf and root, leaf number, leaf area, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll index was decreased with increasing B levels.”
e1“nutrient concentrations of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cv. “Ferragnes””
Claim · model-written summary
Higher boron levels reduced almond leaf number and area.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise1
- Treatment
- increasing B levelse0
- Outcome
- leaf number, leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh and dry weights of leaf and root, leaf number, leaf area, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll index was decreased with increasing B levels.”
e1“nutrient concentrations of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cv. “Ferragnes””
Claim · model-written summary
Higher boron levels reduced almond photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll index.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise1
- Treatment
- increasing B levelse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll indexe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh and dry weights of leaf and root, leaf number, leaf area, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll index was decreased with increasing B levels.”
e1“nutrient concentrations of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cv. “Ferragnes””
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing boron lowered almond leaf N, NO3-, P and K concentrations.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise1
- Treatment
- Increased B levelse0
- Outcome
- N, NO3-, P, K in the leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased B levels led to decreased N, NO3-, P, K in the leaves”
e1“nutrient concentrations of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cv. “Ferragnes””
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing boron raised almond leaf boron concentration.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise2
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- Increased B levelse1
- Outcome
- B concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B concentrations were increased”
e1“Increased B levels led to decreased N, NO3-, P, K in the leaves while, B concentrations were increased.”
e2“nutrient concentrations of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cv. “Ferragnes””
Claim · model-written summary
Severity of boron toxicity effects differed among rootstocks.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise1
- Material
- rootstockse0
- Outcome
- severity of the adverse effects of boron toxicitye0
- Direction
- variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The severity of the adverse effects of boron toxicity varied among rootstocks.”
e1“nutrient concentrations of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cv. “Ferragnes””
Claim · model-written summary
Stem boron concentration was closely associated with boron toxicity development in rootstocks.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise1
- Material
- rootstockse0
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Outcome
- development of B toxicitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of B in stem was closely related to the development of B toxicity in rootstocks”
e1“nutrient concentrations of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cv. “Ferragnes””
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that Tuono tolerance involves restricting boron transport from roots to aerial parts.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise1
- Material
- Tuonoe0
- Outcome
- tolerance to higher B concentratione0
- Qualifier
- restrict B transport from root system to aerial partse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mechanism of tolerance to higher B concentration in Tuono is associated with exclusion mechanism such as restrict B transport from root system to aerial parts”
e1“nutrient concentrations of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cv. “Ferragnes””
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Tuono as a tolerant rootstock under excess boron.
- Taxon
- almondPrunus dulcise0
- Material
- Tuonoe0
- Outcome
- Tuono can be used as tolerant rootstocke0
- Qualifier
- under excess B conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under excess B conditions Tuono can be used as tolerant rootstock for different almond cultivars.”
The same questions in other papers
boron atom · nutrient: content · Prunus dulcis (almond)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.